{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T05:05:29Z","timestamp":1777784729402,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different irrigation activation systems in removing calcium hydroxide from simulated internal resorption cavities using standardized Three-Dimensional (3D) printed root canal models and objective volumetric analysis. A maxillary central incisor was scanned via micro-computed tomography and reconstructed to create standardized 3D-printed teeth with simulated internal resorption cavities. Sixty-four samples were divided into four groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200916) according to the irrigation method: Conventional Needle Irrigation (CNI), Irrigation Ultrasonic Agitation (IUA), EndoActivator (EA), and XP-endo Finisher (XPF). Following calcium hydroxide placement and incubation, different irrigation protocols were applied. Residual calcium hydroxide volume was assessed using CBCT imaging and segmented with 3D Slicer software. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and Dunnett\u2019s T3 post-hoc test (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05). XPF removed significantly more calcium hydroxide than CNI and EA (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No statistically significant difference was found between XPF and IUA. None of the tested activation systems, except for one specimen in the IUA group, completely removed the calcium hydroxide from simulated internal resorption cavities. XPF removed significantly more calcium hydroxide than CNI and EA, while XPF and IUA exhibited similar performance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03913988251392010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T13:06:31Z","timestamp":1763643991000},"page":"897-903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of activation systems in removing calcium hydroxide from 3D printed internal resorption cavities: a new study design"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0868-3390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salih","family":"D\u00fczg\u00fcn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0070-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"\u00c7i\u00e7ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9865-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00fc\u015franur","family":"Yavuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-7127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fcseyin Sinan","family":"Top\u00e7uo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0963-9617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130pek","family":"Eraslan Aky\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05878-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_650_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-021-00628-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of K-file, canal brush technique, and sonic irrigation technique in the retrievability of calcium hydroxide and metapex intracanal medicaments from root canals: an in vitro cone-beam computed tomography analysis","volume":"13","author":"Chandran A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chandran A, Gaffoor FM, Gopakumar R, et al Comparison of the efficacy of K-file, canal brush technique, and sonic irrigation technique in the retrievability of calcium hydroxide and metapex intracanal medicaments from root canals: an in vitro cone-beam computed tomography analysis. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13(Suppl. 1): S496\u2013S500.","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","article-title":"Effect of different irrigant activation techniques on the penetration of calcium hydroxide, an intracanal medicament: an in vitro study","volume":"15","author":"Narla RK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Narla RK, Kumar R, Pavuluri TC, et al Effect of different irrigant activation techniques on the penetration of calcium hydroxide, an intracanal medicament: an in vitro study. Cureus 2023; 15(11): e48768.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53375-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","article-title":"Effectiveness of two techniques in removal of calcium hydroxide medicament from root canals: an in-vitro assessment","volume":"12","author":"Gupta R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gupta R, Sharma H, Kumari RA, et al Effectiveness of two techniques in removal of calcium hydroxide medicament from root canals: an in-vitro assessment. J Clin Diagn Res 2018; 12: ZC53\u2013ZC55.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.20220019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.14165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-022-00656-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jcd.jcd_271_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2024.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2020.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"8881177","article-title":"Effect of various irrigating devices on the removal of two different forms of calcium hydroxide from internal resorption cavities","volume":"2020","author":"Nasab Mobarakeh NM","unstructured":"Nasab Mobarakeh NM, Taheri A, Rahmanian H, et al Effect of various irrigating devices on the removal of two different forms of calcium hydroxide from internal resorption cavities. 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