{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T12:27:41Z","timestamp":1793968061798,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32171357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32171357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hemolytic complications remain a major limitation of membrane oxygenators in clinical support. Compared with human lungs, most commercial oxygenators generate substantial pressure drops and high shear stress, increasing the risks of hemolysis. Therefore, we aimed to develop a membrane oxygenator that reduces pressure drop and shear-induced blood damage while maintaining the oxygen transfer rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We propose a parallel gas exchange chamber (PGEC) oxygenator in which the blood flow is divided into two identical gas exchange chambers connected in parallel. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to design and analyze the oxygenators. The oxygen transfer rate and blood damage parameters of the PGEC and conventional oxygenator were evaluated by in vitro tests at a blood flow rate of 900\u2009mL\/min. Oxygen transfer rate, pressure drop, plasma free hemoglobin concentration, and thrombin\u2013antithrombin complex (TAT) concentration were measured (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Under the present identical in vitro test conditions, the oxygen transfer rate of the PGEC oxygenator (18.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.69\u2009mL\/min) was not significantly different from that of the conventional oxygenator (17.73\u2009\u00b1\u20090.73\u2009mL\/min). The PGEC design reduced pressure drop by 42% and decreased the normalized index of hemolysis (NIH) by 63% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028), while TAT concentrations did not differ significantly between the two circuits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The parallel design of the gas exchange chambers decreases blood velocity in the hollow fiber membrane region, thereby lowering pressure drop and hemolysis while maintaining oxygen transfer rate under the tested conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03913988261462526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:24:24Z","timestamp":1784622264000},"page":"715-724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and in vitro evaluation of a parallel gas-exchange chambers oxygenator with reduced hemolysis and pressure drop"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6869-6220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7578-3965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanfei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaiyuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhexin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2024.122754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.14081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2210819119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.13.1653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591221095469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c00758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-7388(02)00281-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2024.123147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc41417e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13935"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","volume-title":"Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology","author":"Guyton AC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyton AC, Hall JE. 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