{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:06:26Z","timestamp":1789200386738,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Organs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, low back pain is the top 10 highest prevalence diseases in the world. As many as 30%\u201380% of cases are induced by herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP). HNP is a protrusion of the nucleus pulposus (NP) caused by the rupture of the annulus fibrosus. Injectable hydrogel as an NP substitute is an alternative HNP treatment through hydrating and restoring disc thickness with minimally invasive surgery. A poly(vinyl alcohol)\u2013hyaluronic acid hydrogel was developed as an injectable material for the treatment of HNP. Poly(vinyl alcohol) or PVA has good mechanical properties. While hyaluronic acid (HA) is the main component of glycosaminoglycans found in NP. Tween-80 was used as a surfactant to improve the homogeneity and dispersion of the polymer mixture synthetized using the freeze\u2013thawing method with variations of PVA\u2013HA ratio about 7\u20130, 7\u20130.3, 7\u20130.6, and 7\u20130.9, in % (w\/v). According to the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum result, our samples showed the \u2013CO\u2013O group of PVA\u2013HA and Tween-80. Thus, the viscosity of the sample increases with increasing HA content. The addition of HA concentration increase sample swelling ratio, degradation rate and cell viability. The overall sample has excellent compressive strength and injectability close to 100%. The entire sample also can occupy the details of the agarose mold with good intact. We also found that the samples can be set in a shorter time along with the addition of HA content.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03913988261473120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T07:59:58Z","timestamp":1788940798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Poly(vinyl alcohol)\u2013hyaluronic acid injectable hydrogel as a nucleus pulposus substitute candidate"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5636-5100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prihartini","family":"Widiyanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Technique, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anindya Ramadhani","family":"Agam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dyah","family":"Hikmawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Study Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arif","family":"Priyangga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1364","article-title":"Hubungan Intensitas Nyeri Dan Disabilitas Aktivitas Sehari-Hari Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Dengan Kanker Kolorektal [The Relationship Between Pain Intensity and Disability in Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in Patients with Colorectal Cancer]","volume":"5","author":"Nasikhatussoraya N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nasikhatussoraya N, Octaviani R, Julianti H. 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