{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T01:06:55Z","timestamp":1775005615387,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Relationship between human papillomavirus infection and chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is not clear in the Indian population. The present study evaluated human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor in the development of chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Patients between the age group of 18 and 50\u2009years, diagnosed with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (Cases) or sexually active asymptomatic men with primary infertility (Controls), were recruited. Recording of the personal and\/or family history and National Institute of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index scoring (pain score, urinary score, and quality-of-life score) was done in all prostatitis patients. Seminal fluids of all study patients were evaluated for genomic sequences of human papillomavirus including oncogenic subtypes human papillomavirus-16 and -18. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Study participants were divided in cases (n\u2009=\u200950) and controls (n\u2009=\u200950). The mean age of cases and controls were 30.72 and 32.48\u2009years, respectively. Among the cases, the mean duration of symptoms was 9.98\u2009months and mean total National Institute of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index scoring score and mean International Prostate Symptom Score were 20.52 and 5.8, respectively. Among cases, 26 (52%) were found positive for human papillomavirus infection compared to only 6 (12%) in control group (risk ratio = 0.43; 95% confidence interval = 0.3\u20130.62; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Infection with human papillomavirus-16 subtype was significantly associated with patients from cases group (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20094.17; risk ratio (confidence interval) (0.39\u20130.59); p\u2009=\u20090.041). Oncogenic human papillomavirus-18 subtype was not found in any of the group. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> These observations indicate that infection with human papillomavirus (HPV-16 subtype) can be considered as a risk factor for the development of chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in Indian males under the age of 50\u2009years. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0391560319899848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T10:34:26Z","timestamp":1579170866000},"page":"137-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chronic pelvic pain syndrome\/chronic prostatitis: Is it related to human papillomavirus infection? A case-control study from Eastern India"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0317-5466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pritesh","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amlan","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debarshi","family":"Jana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dilip Kumar","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.028"},{"key":"bibr2-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.01.008"},{"key":"bibr3-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.04.013"},{"key":"bibr4-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.3.236"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr5-0391560319899848","first-page":"55","volume":"79","author":"Bartoletti R","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"key":"bibr6-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68562-X"},{"key":"bibr7-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62342-2"},{"key":"bibr8-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21189"},{"key":"bibr9-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23367"},{"key":"bibr10-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2016.27.e49"},{"key":"bibr11-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-004-0655-7"},{"key":"bibr12-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-013-1067-6"},{"key":"bibr13-0391560319899848","first-page":"247","volume":"40","author":"Bartoletti R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Brazjurol"},{"key":"bibr14-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.06.013"},{"key":"bibr15-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0447"},{"key":"bibr16-0391560319899848","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-012-0997-8"}],"container-title":["Urologia Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0391560319899848","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0391560319899848","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0391560319899848","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T00:40:25Z","timestamp":1740876025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0391560319899848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0391560319899848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0391560319899848","relation":{},"ISSN":["0391-5603","1724-6075"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0391-5603","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6075","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]}}}