{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T15:51:10Z","timestamp":1758815470651,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> To evaluate the features and prognosis of melanoma of glans penis and urethra, with the presentation of a significant case report. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A systematic literature review was performed using the MEDLINE (PubMed) and Cochrane Libraries databases to identify all cases of male mucosal melanoma reported. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Two hundred fifty-two patients with male mucosal primary melanoma were found. Glans penis and fossa navicularis as primary site includes the 81.6% of all lesions considered. Median Breslow\u2019s depth is 2.1\u2009mm, whereas nine in situ melanomas have been reported. At the diagnosis, the disease was at a non-localized stage in 21.4% for glans penis melanomas and 11.7% urethral lesions, respectively. The 2 and 5-year survival for glans melanoma is 62.5% and 38.4%; higher rates were observed in the 2012\u20132020\u2009period (76% and 58.8%, respectively). Two-year survival for urethral melanomas is 66.7%, while 5-year survival is 12.5%. 22 patients survived over 5\u2009years with a Breslow\u2019s depth reported always &lt;\u20093.3\u2009mm. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Melanoma of the glans penis and urethra is a rare neoplasm associated with a poor prognosis, however recent reports show higher survival rates. Surgery remains the mainstay for a localized disease. Taking into account the small number of cases reported, topical imiquimod seems to be a valid non-surgical alterative for melanoma in situ. The use of immunotherapy and targeted therapy should be considered only in an adjuvant setting according to the recommendations of cutaneous melanoma; however, additional clinical data on male mucosal melanoma are needed to draw definitive conclusions. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03915603211046471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T11:22:51Z","timestamp":1631791371000},"page":"766-774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Melanoma of glans penis and urethra: A case report and systematic review of the literature of a rare and complex neoplasm"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Franceschelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit, St. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, 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