{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T04:13:17Z","timestamp":1792987997146,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Urolithiasis patients often require frequent urinary tract imaging, leading to high radiation exposure. CT Kidney-Ureter-Bladder (CT-KUB) is the gold standard in urolithiasis detection, however it is thought to harbour significant radiation load. Urologists have therefore utilised abdominal radiographs (XR-KUB) as an alternative, though with markedly lower sensitivity and specificity. We present the first contemporary UK study comparing the effective doses of XR-KUBs with low dose CT-KUBs. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Fifty-three patients were retrospectively identified in a single centre who underwent both a XR-KUB and a CT-KUB in 2018. Effective-Dose was measured by converting the recorded \u2018Dose Area\/Length Product\u2019 via the International Commission on Radiological Protection formula. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The average effective dose of XR-KUBs and low dose CT-KUBs were 5.10\u2009mSv and 5.31\u2009mSv respectively. Thirty-four percent (18\/53) of patients had a XR-KUBs with a higher effective dose than their low dose CT-KUB. Patients with higher Weight, BMI and AP diameter had higher effective doses for both their XR and low dose CT-KUBs. All patients in our study weighing over 92\u2009kg or with a BMI greater than 32 had a XR-KUBs with a higher effective dose than their low dose CT-KUB. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This data supports moving away from XR-KUBs for the investigation of urolithiasis, particularly in patients with a high BMI. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0391560321994443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T09:13:14Z","timestamp":1613207594000},"page":"362-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Do low dose CT-KUBs really expose patients to more radiation than plain abdominal radiographs?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3136-2747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bob","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noorunisa","family":"Suhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Marais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6798-310X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Brewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0391560321994443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3068365"},{"key":"bibr2-0391560321994443","volume-title":"European association of urology guidelines on urolithiasis 2018","author":"Turk C","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr3-0391560321994443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.194.3.7862980"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr4-0391560321994443","first-page":"58","volume":"11","author":"Tsiotras A","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCU"},{"key":"bibr5-0391560321994443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2016.154"},{"key":"bibr6-0391560321994443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.204.1.9205218"},{"key":"bibr7-0391560321994443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.04.118"},{"key":"bibr8-0391560321994443","volume-title":"Farr\u2019s physics for medical imaging","author":"Allisy-Roberts P","year":"2008","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr9-0391560321994443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000488062"},{"key":"bibr10-0391560321994443","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2481071451"},{"key":"bibr11-0391560321994443","volume-title":"Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII Phase 2","author":"Council NR","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr12-0391560321994443","unstructured":"ICRP. 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