{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:50:52Z","timestamp":1777542652983,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We aimed to compare the efficacy and adverse events of Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) versus Mitomycin C (MMC) in high-risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) patients. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This randomized controlled study was conducted over 24\u2009months in four hospitals in Egypt. A sample of 90 patients was randomly assigned to either treatment group, with procedures including baseline examinations, a single postoperative instillation of chemotherapy, a 6-week induction cycle of the assigned drug, and regular follow-up cystoscopies and upper urinary tract imaging. Treatment results and side effects were monitored, with data analyzed via Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> No significant differences were observed in mean age or tumor characteristics ( p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). However, adverse reactions were significantly higher in the BCG group, including cystitis (40% vs. 17.78%, p\u2009=\u20090.020), hematuria (24.44% vs. 4.44%, p\u2009=\u20090.007), overall local reactions (75.56% vs. 26.67%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), fever (13.33% vs. 2.22%, p\u2009=\u20090.049), and fatigue (17.78% vs. 2.22%, p\u2009=\u20090.014). The MMC group had a slightly higher recurrence rate (28.89% vs. 17.78%, hazard ratio 1.89, 95% CI: 0.78\u20134.55, p\u2009=\u20090.15) with a shorter median time to recurrence (six vs. 12\u2009months). Progression rates were similar (8.89% MMC vs. 4.44% BCG, p\u2009=\u20090.398). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Although BCG and MMC have comparable efficacy in managing high-risk NMIBC, BCG demonstrated a higher rate of adverse reactions. Decision-making should consider this balance, patient preferences, and health status. Further research is needed for the validation and exploration of these findings. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03915603231206603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T10:26:57Z","timestamp":1698748017000},"page":"61-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative study between mitomycin C versus Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Mahmoud Abdelfatah","family":"Zaza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarek Abd El-Mageed","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5398-5450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Mohamed","family":"El-Sadat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, Air Force Hospital, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Hassan Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14915"},{"key":"bibr2-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1210"},{"key":"bibr3-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2320-3846.193986"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr4-03915603231206603","first-page":"57","volume":"16","author":"Biluts H","year":"2011","journal-title":"East Central Afr J Surg"},{"key":"bibr5-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-018-1497-0"},{"key":"bibr6-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2017.60376"},{"key":"bibr7-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.3320"},{"key":"bibr8-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.016"},{"key":"bibr9-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000593"},{"key":"bibr10-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.06.045"},{"key":"bibr11-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016426"},{"key":"bibr12-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.016"},{"key":"bibr13-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.07.102"},{"key":"bibr14-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S202006"},{"key":"bibr15-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14133073"},{"key":"bibr16-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/uro.5000193"},{"key":"bibr17-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15571"},{"key":"bibr18-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.10.039"},{"key":"bibr19-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/UROS.UROS_110_18"},{"key":"bibr20-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2591-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr21-03915603231206603","volume":"1","author":"Schmidt S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr22-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.04.038"},{"key":"bibr23-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2003.04655.x"},{"key":"bibr24-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.4325"},{"key":"bibr25-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2001.02306.x"},{"key":"bibr26-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64043-8"},{"key":"bibr27-03915603231206603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.04.009"},{"key":"bibr28-03915603231206603","unstructured":"European Association of Urology. 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