{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T21:22:40Z","timestamp":1773177760987,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth most common cancer in the U.S., with risk factors such as smoking, older age, and male sex. The primary symptom is painless hematuria. Diagnosis is made through cystoscopy, though this method is invasive and expensive. The study investigates the potential of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs (miRNAs), in diagnosing and treating BC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review was conducted on epigenetic changes, specifically DNA methylation in genes such as CDH1 and RASSF1A, and their impact on bladder cancer development. Gene mutations (e.g. FGFR3, TP53) and their influence on cancer progression were also investigated. In addition, epigenetic therapies, such as DNA methylation inhibitors, were discussed as potential treatments for advanced BC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings and limitations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, contribute to the development of BC, and histone modifications affect gene expression. MiRNAs regulate cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, mutations in genes such as FGFR3 and TP53 are crucial for specific BC subtypes. Despite promising results, challenges such as treatment resistance and difficulties in patient selection for epigenetic therapies remain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical implications:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epigenetic changes could serve as biomarkers for BC and as therapeutic targets. Epigenetic therapies offer an alternative to traditional treatments, especially for advanced BC. Clinical trials are underway to address challenges such as treatment resistance and to refine patient selection for these therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient summary:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bladder cancer is common and is related to lifestyle and genetic factors. Advances in epigenetics could lead to more personalized and less invasive treatments, improving outcomes for patients with advanced BC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03915603251372377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T12:07:36Z","timestamp":1757506056000},"page":"3-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Using epigenetics as an alternative treatment for bladder cancer: A literature review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Maria Juliana","family":"Chaves Medina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1 D.C., Colombia"},{"name":"Research and Innovation in Urology Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1 D.C., Colombia"},{"name":"UROGIV Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Villada Florez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1 D.C., Colombia"},{"name":"Research and Innovation in Urology Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1 D.C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David Andr\u00e9s","family":"Casta\u00f1eda Mill\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1 D.C., Colombia"},{"name":"Research and Innovation in Urology Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1 D.C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6945-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herney Andr\u00e9s","family":"Garc\u00eda-Perdomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UROGIV Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia"},{"name":"Division of Urology\/Urooncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Bladder Cancer \u2014 Cancer Stat Facts [Internet]. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/urinb.html (2022 accessed 13 January 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01029-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57080749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo P Foschi N Palermo G et al. SIRI as a biomarker for bladder neoplasm: utilizing decision curve analysis to evaluate clinical net benefit. Urol Oncol Semin Original Investig 2025; 43(6): 393.e1\u2013393.e8. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39934058\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2025.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"546917","volume":"2012","author":"Han H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Han H, Wolff EM, Liang G. Epigenetic alterations in bladder cancer and their potential clinical implications. Adv Urol 2012; 2012: 546917.","journal-title":"Epigenetic alterations in bladder cancer and their potential clinical implications"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.01125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3449-2_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng Z Dai F Liu J et al. Pathology-based deep learning features for predicting basal and luminal subtypes in bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2025; 25(1): 1\u201313. https:\/\/bmccancer.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12885-025-13688-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-13688-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedore S Aguilar K Lokeshwar VB. Natural history of bladder cancer: validation of the multiple pathway model in multi-omics era. Urol Oncol Semin Original Investig 2025; 43(2): 88\u201393. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39986827\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2024.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-015-0574-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061856"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.1632752.376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0861"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2013.89"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2017.05.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161126000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0391560319899011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6890-14-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.01125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes8110339"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2013.113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palermo G Bizzarri FP Scarciglia E et al. The mental and emotional status after radical cystectomy and different urinary diversion orthotopic bladder substitution versus external urinary diversion after radical cystectomy: a propensity score-matched study. Int J Urol 2024; 31(12): 1423\u20131428. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39316514\/","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15586"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-0799-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13163933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0499-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo P Bizzarri FP Filomena GB et al. Relationship between loss of Y chromosome and urologic cancers: new future perspectives. Cancers 2024; 16: 3766. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/22\/3766\/htm","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16223766"}],"container-title":["Urologia Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03915603251372377","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03915603251372377","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03915603251372377","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T21:48:14Z","timestamp":1769636894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03915603251372377"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03915603251372377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03915603251372377","relation":{},"ISSN":["0391-5603","1724-6075"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0391-5603","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6075","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]}}}