{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T07:40:15Z","timestamp":1792309215331,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the impact of incontinence severity on the outcomes of pelvic floor and abdominal muscle strengthening training in women with stress urinary incontinence (UI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen women with stress and mixed UI were divided into two groups based on 24-h pad test results: mild (4\u201320\u2009g,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099) and moderate-severe (\u2a7e 21\u2009g,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097). Both groups underwent a 6-week home-based program including Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) and Abdominal Muscle Training. Outcomes assessed before and after intervention included UI severity (24\u2009h pad test), pelvic floor muscle strength (EMG biofeedback), quality of life (King\u2019s Health Questionnaire), symptom distress (UDI-6), and pelvic floor dysfunction (GPFBQ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both groups showed significant reductions in UI severity and improvements in pelvic floor muscle strength, quality of life, and symptom scores after the intervention. The decrease in UI severity was more pronounced in the moderate-to-severe group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No significant differences were found between groups regarding muscle strength or quality of life.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These preliminary results suggest that home-based combined PFMT and abdominal muscle training can effectively reduce UI severity and improve pelvic floor function and quality of life in women with UI, regardless of initial severity. These findings support integrating abdominal muscle exercises into the conservative management of UI. Further large-scale studies are required to confirm these findings. NCT05549193, 22\/09\/2022, retrospectively registered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03915603261452344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T12:49:28Z","timestamp":1779540568000},"page":"805-814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A pilot study of combined pelvic floor and abdominal muscle training for urinary incontinence: Home-based program"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5032-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Havva Sumeyye","family":"Eroglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emine","family":"Ipek Halatci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyazit University, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9808-0229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilker","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6999-4056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilke","family":"Keser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02243-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batmani S Jalali R Mohammadi M et al. Prevalence and factors related to urinary incontinence in older adults women worldwide: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21: 212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02135-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02135-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pizzol D Demurtas J Celotto S et al. Urinary incontinence and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33: 25\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-020-01712-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01712-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","article-title":"Conservative interventions for treating urinary incontinence in women: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews","volume":"9","author":"Todhunter-Brown A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Todhunter-Brown A, Hazelton C, Campbell P, et al. Conservative interventions for treating urinary incontinence in women: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 9: CD012337.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"641","article-title":"The role of alternative medicine and complimentary therapies in urologic disease: new horizons","volume":"91","author":"Bizzarri FP","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bizzarri FP, Campetella M, Ragonese M, et al. The role of alternative medicine and complimentary therapies in urologic disease: new horizons. Urol J 2024; 91: 641\u2013646.","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Pelvic floor dysfunction: prevention and non-surgical management. NICE Guideline NG210. London: NICE 2021 p. 14 https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng210 (accessed 15 September 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.31.108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6777(2001)20:1<31::AID-NAU5>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.24297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hkpj.2012.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konstantinidou E Sakalis V Kalaitzi M et al. The role of abdominal muscle training in combination with pelvic floor muscle training to treat female urinary incontinence - a pilot 12-week study. Cent Eur J Urol 2024; 77: 218\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5173\/ceju.2023.225","DOI":"10.5173\/ceju.2023.225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)61077-2","article-title":"The pelvic floor: a clinical model for function and rehabilitation","volume":"88","author":"Sapsford RR.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sapsford RR. The pelvic floor: a clinical model for function and rehabilitation. Physiotherapy 2002; 88: 126\u2013630.","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0000000000000092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2517-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training in incontinent women at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"94","author":"Sriboonreung T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sriboonreung T, Wongtra-Ngan S, Eungpinichpong W, et al. Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training in incontinent women at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital: a randomized controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2011; 94: 1.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(1997)16:3<167::AID-NAU6>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00211.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"287","article-title":"Biofeedback with pelvic floor electromyography as complementary treatment in chronic disorders of the inferior urinary tract","volume":"1","author":"Padilla-Fernandez B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Padilla-Fernandez B, Gomez-Garcia A, Hernandez-Alonso M, et al. Biofeedback with pelvic floor electromyography as complementary treatment in chronic disorders of the inferior urinary tract. Electromyography 2013; 1: 287\u2013311.","journal-title":"Electromyography"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Daniels and Worthingham\u2019s muscle Testing-E-book: Techniques of manual examination and performance testing","author":"Hislop H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hislop H, Avers D, Brown M. Daniels and Worthingham\u2019s muscle Testing-E-book: Techniques of manual examination and performance testing. 9th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013, pp.116\u2013129.","edition":"9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11006.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2786-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00451721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-010-1148-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3014-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sacco E Campetella M Marino F et al. Preoperative risk factors for failure after fixed sling implantation for postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence (FORESEE): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol Open Sci 2025; 77: 58\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euros.2025.05.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2025.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1356-689X(03)00131-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000135274.92416.62"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2018.1482583"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32109-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-023-05694-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25065"}],"container-title":["Urologia Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03915603261452344","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03915603261452344","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03915603261452344","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T07:06:01Z","timestamp":1792307161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03915603261452344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03915603261452344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03915603261452344","relation":{},"ISSN":["0391-5603","1724-6075"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0391-5603","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6075","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]}}}