{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T07:40:18Z","timestamp":1792309218077,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An increase in genital abnormalities in boys born via assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is possibly linked to either the technical aspects of ART or parental health, regardless of the type of ART procedure. This study aimed to describe the spectrum and prevalence of genital findings in ART-conceived male infants and to identify potential modifiable factors associated with genital development in this subpopulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An observational, exploratory\/hypothesis-generating case series was conducted from August 2006 to July 2007. A total of 294 consecutively born male neonates were examined by a single urologist blinded to conception method. From this cohort, 71 infants conceived via ART were identified. Obstetrician-gynecologists retrieved detailed data on parental reproductive history and newborn health status. A nested comparative analysis was performed within the ART group, using the adjusted Wald-method and the two-sided Fisher\u2019s exact test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty boys (56%) in the study group had normal genitalia, whereas 31 (44%) displayed abnormalities. Singleton pregnancy was a significant protective factor for normal genitalia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), while a non-significant trend was observed for the absence of maternal abnormalities other than obstructive infertility (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.282). Hypospadias prevalence (4.2%), in contrast to cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia, exceeded general population rates (0.06%\u20130.7%) and was an order of magnitude higher than in Denmark and Sweden (0.3%\u20130.4%). This increased prevalence was associated with male factor infertility (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041) and with maternal subfertility in the form of preterm labor (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032). The complex of penile malformations were linked to maternal endocrine infertility (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.033), dizygotic twins (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014), and preterm labor (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017), with non-significant trend for threatened miscarriage (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.107).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion(s):<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This blinded case series reveals a distinct spectrum of genital findings in ART-conceived neonates, with high hypospadias prevalence. Penile development appears primarily linked to parental fertility issues and preterm labor. Singleton pregnancy is likely a strong protective factor. These findings indicate underlying parental subfertility as the potential determinant of genital malformation risk, with ART procedures as a possible confounder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03915603261457789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T06:57:06Z","timestamp":1781852226000},"page":"830-837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spectrum of genital findings in ART-conceived male neonates: A blinded case series analyzing parental reproductive history"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6460-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriy N.","family":"Solontsov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department Uroandrology, Russian Children\u2019s Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasily V.","family":"Nikolaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reconstructive Paediatric Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana A.","family":"Nazarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Educational Center for Assisted Reproductive Technologies Named After F. Paulsen-Senior, Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2014.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.16.122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/346031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12799"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92425-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7118.1260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00777.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68863-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66578-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.4.944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"Rebrova O. Statistical analysis of medical data. Employment of STATISTICA application package software (in Russian). 1st ed. MediaSfera 2002 pp.19\u201320. https:\/\/scholar.google.ru\/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0 5&cluster=5225093539364114081 (accessed 8 May 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Vlasov VV. Epidemiology (in Russian). Geotar-Med https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/item.asp?id=19524586 (2004 accessed 7 May 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Groin hernia in infants and children","author":"Grosfeld JL.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Grosfeld JL. Groin hernia in infants and children. Hernia 1989; 81\u201396.","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00770.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"Shabalov NP. Neonatology (in Russian). 4th ed. MEDpress-inform https:\/\/www.elibrary.ru\/item.asp?id=19533815 (2006 accessed 8 May 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00386-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318269c282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.3.504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.7.1896"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24110\/0031-403X-2018-97-5-112-117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2006.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-015-1507-6"}],"container-title":["Urologia Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03915603261457789","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03915603261457789","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03915603261457789","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T07:06:42Z","timestamp":1792307202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03915603261457789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03915603261457789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03915603261457789","relation":{},"ISSN":["0391-5603","1724-6075"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0391-5603","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6075","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]}}}