{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:10:51Z","timestamp":1788667851925,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologia"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transgender individuals experience significant disparities in healthcare access and quality, often owing to limited provider training and awareness. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and clinical exposure of Mexican urologists and urology residents in relation to transgender patient care and to identify potential gaps that may affect treatment quality and access.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An anonymous survey was distributed to board-certified urologists and urology residents between April and May 2025. The questionnaire included a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate participants\u2019 knowledge, confidence, and comfort when treating transgender patients. The questions also assessed clinical experience, familiarity with gender identity and appropriate pronouns, ability to provide endocrine and surgical care, and awareness of healthcare disparities. A total of 322 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests to identify significant trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the respondents, 53.7% had never attended to a transgender patient, and 71.1% were not currently caring for any. Only 15.5% reported a strong knowledge base in transgender health and only 7.4% felt confident in performing gender-affirming surgery. While 62.1% felt comfortable discussing gender identity, only 58.3% could clearly distinguish it from their sexual orientation. Urology residents reported greater comfort and awareness than certified urologists did. Less than half (48.4%) strongly supported transgender care in residency programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a marked gap in transgender-related knowledge and clinical exposure between Mexican urologists and residents. These findings underscore the urgent need to integrate structured transgender health education into urological training and continuing medical education to promote equitable, competent, and inclusive care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03915603261481563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T08:00:15Z","timestamp":1788508815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Are urologists prepared for transgender health care? Evidence of knowledge and confidence gaps"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3798-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hector Rodrigo","family":"Gonzalez-Carranza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Angeles Metropolitano Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nestor","family":"Saucedo-Conrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angeles Metropolitano Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Antonio","family":"Reyes-Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angeles Metropolitano Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"De Estad\u00edstica YI. Conociendo a la poblaci\u00f3n LGBTI+ en M\u00e9xico https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/tablerosestadisticos\/lgbti (accessed 29 December 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meerwijk EL Sevelius JM. Transgender population size in the united states: a meta-regression of population-based probability samples. Am J Public Health 2017; 107(2): e1\u2013e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303578","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine. The health of lesbian gay bisexual and transgender people. National Academies Press eBooks 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/13128","DOI":"10.17226\/13128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"ASPS Public Relations. Plastic surgery statistics report 2017 https:\/\/www.plasticsurgery.org\/documents\/News\/Statistics\/2017\/plastic-surgery-statistics-full-report-2017.pdf (2017 accessed 29 December 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nolan IT Kuhner CJ Dy GW. Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8(3): 184\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau.2019.04.09","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2019.04.09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winoker JS Kent MA Omidele OO et al. Transgender patient care in urology: evaluation of attitudes knowledge and practice patterns among urologists in the New York metropolitan area. Urol Pract 2019; 6(3): 174\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urpr.2018.08.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urpr.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coleman E Radix AE Bouman WP et al. Standards of care for the health of transgender and gender diverse people version 8. Int J Transgend Health 2022; 23(Suppl 1): S1\u2013S259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/26895269.2022.2100644","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2100644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teplitsky S Counsilman MJ Chung PH. An assessment of an outpatient urology clinic\u2019s compassion comfort and knowledge of transgender care. Urol Pract 2020; 7(1): 61\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/upj.0000000000000074","DOI":"10.1097\/UPJ.0000000000000074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen BH Pham QM Hahn E et al. Knowledge and attitudes toward genderism transphobia and persons of the LGBT+ community of urologists and andrologists. J Sex Med 2025; 22(5): 755\u2013766. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40062476\/","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdaf038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pregnall AM Pesantes JA Vulakh G et al. Evaluating the inclusion of lesbian gay bisexual transgender and queer-related content in graduate medical education: a national survey of program directors. BMC Med Educ 2025; 25: 907. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC12211221\/","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-07551-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang K Yang AJ Skoretz L et al. Developing health care provider knowledge confidence and cultural sensitivity through resident transgender training: a controlled educational study. Int J Equity Health 2025; 24: 202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-025-02555-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-025-02555-7"}],"container-title":["Urologia Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03915603261481563","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/03915603261481563","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/03915603261481563","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T03:36:47Z","timestamp":1788665807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/03915603261481563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/03915603261481563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03915603261481563","relation":{},"ISSN":["0391-5603","1724-6075"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0391-5603","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6075","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"article-number":"03915603261481563"}}