{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:10:21Z","timestamp":1789841421098,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urologia"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is essential for improving clinical outcomes. However, serum creatinine (Scr), the conventional biomarker for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR), has notable limitations, particularly in identifying early-stage CKD. This study evaluates beta-trace protein (BTP) as an alternative biomarker for GFR estimation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-center case\u2013control study, serum creatinine (Scr) and serum BTP were measured in 90 patients with CKD and 70 apparently healthy controls. Measured GFR (mGFR) was determined using the 99mTc-DTPA radioisotope clearance technique as the reference standard, and the diagnostic performance of the two biomarkers was compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both Scr and serum BTP levels were significantly elevated in CKD patients compared to the control group. Notably, serum BTP exhibited a stronger inverse correlation with measured GFR (mGFR;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u20130.934) than Scr (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u20130.46), indicating superior sensitivity to renal function decline. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis further demonstrated that BTP had higher diagnostic accuracy, with an optimal cutoff concentration of 0.63\u2009mg\/L yielding a sensitivity of 98.9%, specificity of 100%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.993. In contrast, Scr at 0.775\u2009mg\/dL showed lower diagnostic performance (sensitivity\u2009=\u200983.3%, specificity\u2009=\u200942.9%, AUC\u2009=\u20090.74).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that BTP may offer improved diagnostic precision and earlier detection of CKD compared to Scr, with potential benefits for more accurate GFR estimation and timely clinical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03915603261487649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:46:37Z","timestamp":1789710397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biochemical evaluation of beta-trace protein: A newer glomerular filtration biomarker for early detection and risk assessment of chronic kidney disease over the older creatinine"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Oras Kadhim Baqer","family":"Al-Asadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Al-Manara University for Medical Sciences, Amarah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa Ibraheem Lazim","family":"Alsaedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Manara University for Medical Sciences, Amarah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firas S.","family":"Al-Jabban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafidh I.","family":"Al-Sadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, The University of Mashreq, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazi Mohamad","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syrian Fertility Center, Tartus, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Mohammed Attyah","family":"Zheoat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Manara University for Medical Sciences, Amarah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haneen Mohanad","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Al\u2013Hillah Teaching Hospital, Babylon Health Directorate, MOH-Iraq, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5977-1438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lamis Khidher","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","article-title":"K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification","volume":"39","author":"Levey AS.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Levey AS. 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