{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:41:36Z","timestamp":1788432096675,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Roche Diagnostics GmbH","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Biol Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) can be challenging due to unclear imaging criteria and difficulty obtaining adequate tissue biopsy. Although serum cancer antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen have been proposed as potential diagnostic aids, their use remains limited by insufficient sensitivity and specificity. This exploratory analysis aimed to identify individual- and combinations of serum biomarkers to distinguish CCA from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic liver disease (CLD) controls using samples from a published study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, multicenter, case-control study included patients aged \u226518 years at high-risk of HCC. Serum and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-plasma samples were collected prior to any treatment and confirmed diagnosis of HCC or CCA. Fourteen biomarkers (measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) were subjected to univariate analysis and 13 included in a multivariate analysis (per selected combinations and exhaustive search).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 55 CCA, 306 HCC, and 733 CLD control samples were analyzed. For distinguishing CCA from HCC, alpha-fetoprotein and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) showed the best individual performance (area under the curve (AUC) 86.6% and 84.4%, respectively); tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) was most able to distinguish CCA from CLD (AUC 94.5%) and from HCC\u2009\u2009+\u2009\u2009CLD (AUC 88.6%). The combination of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 was the best-performing two-marker panel, with AUC &gt;90% for all comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MMP-2 and TIMP-1 are promising biomarkers that could support differential diagnosis of CCA. Incorporating these assays into the diagnostic algorithm could provide additional diagnostic information in a non-invasive, rapid manner, and could supplement existing diagnostic methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03936155241235185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T02:26:20Z","timestamp":1711679180000},"page":"107-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A new biomarker panel for differential diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma: Results from an exploratory analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 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