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Bone marrow aspiration displayed macrophages and extracellular space containing Leishmania amastigotes. Visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis due to Leishmania infantum was confirmed by the presence of high titers of Leishmania antibodies and by PCR. The patient was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B but during the third post-treatment day significant increases in the levels of serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and phosphate were registered. 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