{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:40:05Z","timestamp":1792644005853,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic anemia marked by a defect in synthesizing one or more globin chains in hemoglobin. In Pakistan, approximately 10,000 patients with thalassemia are primarily dependent on blood transfusions. The \u03b2-thalassemia patients require blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. Patients who need blood transfusions are at an increased risk of contracting transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) such as hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), as well as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systemic review aims to assess the prevalence of TTIs in transfusion-dependent \u03b2-thalassemia patients in Asia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data for the systematic review were gathered from PubMed, Google Scholar, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: \u201cprevalence, HBV, HCV, HIV, thalassemia, and transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs),\" and so on. This review includes the research articles that address the prevalence of viral infections in thalassemic patients following blood transfusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A preliminary search of various databases identified 231 potential studies. 157 duplicate studies were eliminated, and the eligibility of 59 full-length articles was determined. Only 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the 43 studies analyzed, 11 reported a high prevalence of HCV alone in thalassemic patients, while 21 reported a high prevalence of HCV and HBV infection in thalassemic patients. Eight studies reported the prevalence of all three TTIs examined, namely, HCV, HBV, and HIV, in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preventable transfusion-transmitted infections occur frequently, and robust national policies and hemovigilance are required to detect and mitigate the infection risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320221096909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T12:37:50Z","timestamp":1650631070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in multiple blood transfusion-dependent thalassemic patients in Asia: A systemic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5524-7735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Riaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazhar","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore (Jhang Campus), Jhang, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Salam","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore (Jhang Campus), Jhang, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahed","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Munir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imtiaz","family":"Mahmood Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5451-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Muhammad","family":"Ali Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03946320221096909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2018.705.367"},{"key":"bibr2-03946320221096909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1039423"},{"key":"bibr3-03946320221096909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12076"},{"key":"bibr4-03946320221096909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103020"},{"key":"bibr5-03946320221096909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a011692"},{"key":"bibr6-03946320221096909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2017.018"},{"key":"bibr7-03946320221096909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20164545"},{"key":"bibr8-03946320221096909","unstructured":"Al-Ani SK, Al-Ouqaili MT, Awad MM. 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