{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T22:24:15Z","timestamp":1783203855826,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HP20C0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HP20C0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Particulate matter (PM) is an air pollutant that can damage human skin; antioxidants have shown some efficacy in alleviating PM-induced skin inflammation. We investigated the antioxidant effects of punicalagin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and resveratrol on PM-induced changes in cultured human sebocytes, outer root sheath (ORS) cells, and Cutibacterium acnes-pretreated mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sebocytes and ORS cells were cultured with 100\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL PM10 and 5\u00a0\u03bcM punicalagin, 1\u00a0\u03bcM EGCG, or 1\u00a0\u03bcM resveratrol for 24\u00a0h. In C. acnes-pretreated mice, inflammatory nodules were treated with 100\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL PM10 and 5\u00a0\u03bcM punicalagin, 1\u00a0\u03bcM EGCG, or 1\u00a0\u03bcM resveratrol. Cell viability was measured using an MTT assay. Antioxidant effects were analyzed according to RNA expression, using real-time PCR, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sebum measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antioxidants inhibited the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and NF-kB as well as the production of ROS induced by PM10 in cultured sebocytes and ORS cells. The preventative effects of punicalagin and EGCG on biomarker expression in cultured sebocytes and ORS cells were slightly greater than those of resveratrol, though the difference was not significant. In C. acnes-pretreated mice, the antioxidants inhibited inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression as well as sebum production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antioxidants effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory biomarkers and sebum production in cultured sebocytes, ORS cells, and C. acnes-pretreated mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320221112433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,2]],"date-time":"2022-07-02T01:56:50Z","timestamp":1656727010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Preventative effects of antioxidants on changes in sebocytes, outer root sheath cells, and\n                    <i>Cutibacterium acnes<\/i>\n                    -pretreated mice by particulate matter: No significant difference among antioxidants"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7381-6532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi Hee","family":"Kwack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2268-4795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae-Lyong","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5708-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weon Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-03946320221112433","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200501122"},{"key":"bibr2-03946320221112433","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00195811"},{"key":"bibr3-03946320221112433","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00290.2003"},{"key":"bibr4-03946320221112433","first-page":"34","volume":"27","author":"Takeshi F","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"bibr5-03946320221112433","first-page":"265","volume":"25","author":"Takeshi F","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol 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