{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:46:17Z","timestamp":1788929177977,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    SOT patients require immunosuppressors to avoid graft rejection. Therapeutic drug monitoring is insufficient to find the optimal balance with immunosuppression. The evaluation of cell-mediated immunity by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay enumerating interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) is increasingly use. ELISpot assays are performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from blood and brought into contact with specific peptides in an immunosuppressor-free environment. This study aims to determine the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    diffusion of tacrolimus in PBMC and to assess whether prior\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    incubation of PBMC with tacrolimus modifies the IFN-\u03b3 ELISpot results when assessing the T-cell immune response. PBMC from healthy volunteers were obtained. Tacrolimus was added to the ELISpot wells at increasing concentration and quantification was obtained using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Results showed that the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    PBMC diffusion rate of tacrolimus was measured at 32%. A decrease in T-cell reactivity occurred with increasing tacrolimus concentration. The intra-PBMC concentration of tacrolimus able to inhibit 50% of T-cell reactivity was 163\u2009pg\/10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    PBMC, which is in the range of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    intra-PBMC concentration in SOT recipients. T-cell functional assessment using ELISpot in patients treated with immunosuppressors may require the addition of immunosuppressors\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    to better reflect the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    situation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320251325062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T08:14:11Z","timestamp":1741767251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of tacrolimus on interferon gamma ELISpot assay results for the assessment of T-cell immunity: Proof-of-concept"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7991-1733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Truffot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, CEA, IRIG IBS, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jules","family":"Weinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes IAB, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Dessaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, CEA, IRIG IBS, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Morand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, CEA, IRIG IBS, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Rostaing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes IAB, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Stanke-Labesque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. 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