{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:01:58Z","timestamp":1792202518419,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of asiatic acid (AA) by focusing on its modulation of the nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) signaling pathway and to evaluate its therapeutic effects in murine models of both acute and chronic colitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AA, a naturally occurring triterpenoid compound derived from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Centella asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is known for its anti-inflammatory activity. However, its comprehensive effects on both acute and chronic intestinal inflammation, particularly through detailed modulation of the NF-\u03baB pathway, have not been fully elucidated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human intestinal epithelial cells COLO 205 and murine macrophage cells RAW 264.7 were pretreated with AA, followed by stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-6, was quantified using real-time RT-PCR. Western blotting was performed to assess the phosphorylation and degradation of the NF-\u03baB inhibitor I\u03baB\u03b1, and NF-\u03baB DNA-binding activity was assessed via electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). In vivo, acute colitis was induced using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in wild-type mice, and chronic colitis was established by piroxicam administration in IL-10\u207b\/\u207b mice. Following AA treatment, colon length, body weight, histology (H&amp;E) with histologic scoring, and colonic NF-\u03baB p65 immunohistochemistry (IHC) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AA significantly downregulated cytokine expression in both cell lines. It inhibited I\u03baB\u03b1 phosphorylation and degradation, and EMSA demonstrated a marked reduction in NF-\u03baB DNA-binding activity. In mice, AA attenuated body weight loss, colonic shortening, and histologic inflammation in both DSS and IL-10\u207b\/\u207b models. Concomitantly, colonic IHC showed reduced nuclear NF-\u03baB p65.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AA alleviates intestinal inflammation by suppressing NF-\u03baB signaling in vitro and exhibits therapeutic efficacy in both acute and chronic colitis models, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for inflammatory bowel disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320251398285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T10:20:03Z","timestamp":1765362003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Asiatic acid inhibits NF-\u03baB signaling and ameliorates experimental acute and chronic colitis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7281-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seona","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Incheon Sejong Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8001-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong-Joon","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Pil","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6835-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joo Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.04.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00593-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.765474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200205000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612827666210218141847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-016-0398-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2472630317751840"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20232004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2017.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Korean Cell Line Bank. 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