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Although it has traditionally been linked to liver damage, several studies have demonstrated its extrahepatic impact, specifically in the oral cavity. Oral manifestations can be considered early signs of infection or contribute to clinical progression. This narrative review aims to describe the oral alterations associated with HCV, integrating the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications for dental management. The most prevalent manifestations include periodontal disease, oral lichen planus, Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome-like sialadenitis, and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Recent findings suggest that HCV triggers dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, promotes exacerbated immune responses with overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and disrupts the homeostatic environment, thereby promoting the progression of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. In addition, viral RNA has been identified in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid, which could be considered a non-parenteral route of transmission, particularly important in dental interventions. In parallel, direct-acting antiviral therapy, in addition to achieving virus elimination, could also partially correct immunological and microbial disruptions in the cavity, with favorable clinical responses. Understanding these oral alterations can guide dentists in early detection and improve systemic outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320261419189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:17:13Z","timestamp":1770884233000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of hepatitis C virus on oral health: Clinical lesions, immunopathology, and dental management: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6727-7969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"Alarc\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology in Medicine Program, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Institute of Research in Dentistry, Department of Integral Dental Clinics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Henao-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic University of Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilibeth-Stephania","family":"Escoto-Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Postgraduate Division, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1843-384X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integral Dental Clinics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6112-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Eder","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Life Sciences, La Ci\u00e9nega University Center, University of Guadalajara (CUCIENEGA-UdeG), Ocotl\u00e1n, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armen A","family":"Muradyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Administrative Department, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8329-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artak","family":"Heboyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0569-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Monserrat","family":"Lomel\u00ed-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Life Sciences, La Ci\u00e9nega University Center, University of Guadalajara (CUCIENEGA-UdeG), Ocotl\u00e1n, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024) Hepatitis C: Fact sheet. 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