{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:15:05Z","timestamp":1790680505058,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper reviews the present state of knowledge on the etiology, prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of somatization disorder (SD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive review of the literature on SD is described under the above headings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SD is a common condition that is not well managed by many physicians. Patients with SD get caught between the cracks of the health care system, with expensive consequences. SD is a psychiatric disorder, but patients are reluctant to see and be treated by psychiatrists. They frequently are managed by nonpsychiatric physicians who have limited understanding of the condition. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is the most efficacious treatment in SD, although antidepressants and supportive psychotherapy also have a role for some patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cadre of clinicians with training in the theory and practice of CBT for SD is required. They need to be based both in the community and in tertiary health care centres, where most patients with this condition are located.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404901002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]],"date-time":"2017-07-20T10:13:03Z","timestamp":1500545583000},"page":"652-662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Somatization Disorder: A Practical Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Mai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Formerly, Chief of Psychiatry, Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario; now, Consultant, Department of Psychiatry, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario; Medical Advisor, Medical Expertise Division, Social Development Canada, Ottawa, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.43.3.249"},{"key":"bibr2-070674370404901002","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of psychiatric disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr3-070674370404901002","volume-title":"Trait\u00e9 de l'hysterie","author":"Briquet P.","year":"1859"},{"key":"bibr4-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780250087010"},{"key":"bibr5-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378102600112"},{"key":"bibr6-070674370404901002","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr7-070674370404901002","unstructured":"Merskey H. Analysis of hysteria. 2nd ed. Glasgow: Bell & Bain; 1995. p 184."},{"key":"bibr8-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.6.490"},{"key":"bibr9-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.6.472"},{"key":"bibr10-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/11.3.215"},{"key":"bibr11-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196203012660901"},{"key":"bibr12-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.124.4.491"},{"key":"bibr13-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.514.1115"},{"key":"bibr14-070674370404901002","volume-title":"classification of mental and behavioral disorders","author":"WHO","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr15-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199807000-00012"},{"key":"bibr16-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360130079012"},{"key":"bibr17-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90265-D"},{"key":"bibr18-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00224-0"},{"key":"bibr19-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199601000-00008"},{"key":"bibr20-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799003001"},{"key":"bibr21-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.5.734"},{"key":"bibr22-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910283411801"},{"key":"bibr23-070674370404901002","first-page":"1494","volume":"48","author":"Simon G","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr24-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(94)71723-0"},{"key":"bibr25-070674370404901002","volume-title":"Phantom illness","author":"Cantor C.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr26-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(90)72133-0"},{"key":"bibr27-070674370404901002","first-page":"673","volume-title":"Textbook of psychiatry","author":"Martin R","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr28-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.127.1.23"},{"key":"bibr29-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.7.873"},{"key":"bibr30-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790200035005"},{"key":"bibr31-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1957.tb04796.x","volume":"32","author":"Ljungberg L.","year":"1957","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand"},{"key":"bibr32-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800050108014"},{"key":"bibr33-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.107.448.359"},{"key":"bibr34-070674370404901002","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Hysteria","author":"Shields J.","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr35-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5447.1395"},{"key":"bibr36-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1975.tb02342.x"},{"key":"bibr37-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674377902400208"},{"key":"bibr38-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1972.01750300043007"},{"key":"bibr39-070674370404901002","first-page":"601","volume":"16","author":"Flor-Henry P","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr40-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000282998"},{"key":"bibr41-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.01445.x"},{"key":"bibr42-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00810346","volume":"239","author":"Meyer BU","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"bibr43-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199803000-00016"},{"key":"bibr44-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199809000-00018"},{"key":"bibr45-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(62)90068-1"},{"key":"bibr46-070674370404901002","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Hysteria","author":"Munford P","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr47-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199003000-00002"},{"key":"bibr48-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/S000712500029572X"},{"key":"bibr49-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199807000-00006"},{"key":"bibr50-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(99)71228-4"},{"key":"bibr51-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199803000-00006"},{"key":"bibr52-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(02)00686-7"},{"key":"bibr53-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.163.6.785"},{"key":"bibr54-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.12.1598","volume":"153","author":"Hudziak J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr55-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.2.248"},{"key":"bibr56-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000286529"},{"key":"bibr57-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00467-1"},{"key":"bibr58-070674370404901002","unstructured":"Gelder M, Mayou R, Geddes J. Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 1999. p 217\u20139."},{"key":"bibr59-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800200039006"},{"key":"bibr60-070674370404901002","first-page":"37","volume":"153","author":"Demers M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"bibr61-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100040166"},{"key":"bibr62-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00219-7"},{"key":"bibr63-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.1.11"},{"key":"bibr64-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00397-5"},{"key":"bibr65-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(02)00248-7"},{"key":"bibr66-070674370404901002","first-page":"939","volume":"64","author":"Allen LA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"bibr67-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(00)00167-7"},{"key":"bibr68-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(92)90004-L"},{"key":"bibr69-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7108.561"},{"key":"bibr70-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-9_Part_2-200105011-00018"},{"key":"bibr71-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950150070012"},{"key":"bibr72-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03360210091038"},{"key":"bibr73-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605293142203"},{"key":"bibr74-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7180.372"},{"key":"bibr75-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(89)90084-6"},{"key":"bibr76-070674370404901002","unstructured":"Ford C. The somatizing disorders: Illness as a way of life. New York: Elsevier Biomedical; 1983. p 245."},{"key":"bibr77-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.6.519"},{"key":"bibr78-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320430063034"},{"key":"bibr79-070674370404901002","first-page":"317","volume":"2","author":"Fink P","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"bibr80-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000012395"},{"key":"bibr81-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(92)90037-3"},{"key":"bibr82-070674370404901002","unstructured":"Kuhlwein K. The cognitive treatment of depression in cognitive behaviour therapy: A guide for the practicing clinician. In: Simos G, editor. Hove (UK): Brunner-Routledge; 2002. p 3\u201348."},{"key":"bibr83-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Speckens AEM, van Hemert AM, Spinhoven P, Hawton KE, Bolk JH, Rooijmans HGM. Cognitive behavior therapy for medically unexplained physical symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. BMJ 1995:1328\u201332.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7016.1328"},{"key":"bibr84-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09899.x"},{"key":"bibr85-070674370404901002","volume-title":"Study identification number 60265\u201301A2","author":"Escobar JI","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr86-070674370404901002","unstructured":"Gaarder K, Montgomery P. Clinical biofeedback. Baltimore (MD): Williams & Wilkins; 1979. p 107\u201322."},{"key":"bibr87-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/19.6.665"},{"key":"bibr88-070674370404901002","first-page":"980","volume":"48","author":"O'Malley PG","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"bibr89-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.4.381"},{"key":"bibr90-070674370404901002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.14.4.464"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674370404901002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674370404901002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:13:57Z","timestamp":1777392837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674370404901002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674370404901002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674370404901002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}}}