{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:41:35Z","timestamp":1782992495785,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite being essential for defining and planning special educational services, very few data are available in Quebec regarding the nature and extent of behavioural difficulties presented by children who receive special educational services at school. This study provides a picture of the frequency of disruptive behaviour disorders (that is, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], oppositional defiant disorder [ODD], and conduct disorder [CD]) and internalized disorders (including generalized anxiety disorder [GAD] and major depressive episode [MDE]) in a sample of elementary school students receiving special educational services for behavioural difficulties ( n = 324).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this descriptive study, we established the presence of mental health disorders according to teacher-, parent-, and child-reported data that were obtained using structured diagnostic interviews based on DSM-IV criteria. We also examined prevalence rates by sex and age group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three-quarters of the students met the criteria for ADHD, one-half for ODD, and one-third for CD. About 14% of the students presented with a GAD or met the criteria for an MDE in the past year. Only 2% of the students presented with an internalized disorder without a comorbid disruptive behaviour disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that among students receiving special educational services for behavioural difficulties, a large proportion may have difficulties severe enough to meet the criteria for at least one DSM-IV disruptive behaviour disorder. Such findings may underscore the need to develop more collaboration between the mental health and education sectors in rehabilitating these children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404901108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T19:32:39Z","timestamp":1500406359000},"page":"769-775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Frequency of Mental Health Disorders in a Sample of Elementary School Students Receiving Special Educational Services for Behavioural Difficulties"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"D\u00e9ry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Developmental Psychology, Research Centre on Childhood's Behavior Disorders, Department of Psychoeducation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Toupin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Director of the Research Centre on Childhood's Behavior Disorders, Department of Psychoeducation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Pauz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Family Therapist, Professor of Psychotherapy, Research Centre on Childhood's Behavior Disorders, Department of Psychoeducation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierrette","family":"Verlaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Developmental Psychology, Research Centre on Childhood's Behavior Disorders, Department of Psychoeducation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674370404901108","volume-title":"Adapting our schools to the needs of all students: Policy on special education","author":"Ministry of Education","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr2-070674370404901108","volume-title":"Les \u00e9l\u00e8ves en difficult\u00e9 de comportement \u00e0 l'\u00e9cole primaire: Comprendre, pr\u00e9venir, intervenir","author":"Conseil Sup\u00e9rieur de l'\u00c9ducation","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr3-070674370404901108","volume-title":"\u00c9l\u00e8ves handicap\u00e9s ou \u00e9l\u00e8ves en difficult\u00e9 d'adaptation ou d'apprentissage (EHDAA): D\u00e9finitions","author":"Ministry of Education","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr4-070674370404901108","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric 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