{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:30:53Z","timestamp":1792074653935,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a pathological gambling (PG) screen for efficient application to the household population and for clinicians to use with treatment seekers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We applied a series of multivariate discriminant functions to past-12-month Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)-based, gambling-related problems; the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) measured and collected this data. The NESARC conducted computer-assisted personal interviews with 43 093 households and identified the largest sample of pathological gamblers drawn from the general household population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We created a 3-item, brief biosocial gambling screen (BBGS) with high sensitivity (Sensitivity = 0.96; 76 of 79 pathological gamblers correctly identified) and high specificiy (Specificity = 0.99; 10 892 of 11 027 nonpathological gamblers correctly identified).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Major US studies reveal extensive comorbidity of PG with other mental illnesses. The BBGS features psychometric advantages for health care providers that should encourage clinicians and epidemiologists to consider current PG along with other problems. The BBGS is practical for clinical application because it uses only 3 items and they are easy to ask, answer, and include in all modes of interviewing, including self-administered surveys. The BBGS has a strong theoretical foundation because it includes 1 item from each of the addiction syndrome 3 domains: neuroadaptation (for example, withdrawal); psychosocial characteristics (for example, lying); and adverse social consequences of gambling (for example, obtaining money from others).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T14:55:13Z","timestamp":1484060113000},"page":"82-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Optimizing DSM-IV-TR Classification Accuracy: A Brief Biosocial Screen for Detecting Current Gambling Disorders among Gamblers in the General Household Population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Line","family":"Gebauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate, Centre of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, University of Aarhus, Denmark; Research Associate, Division on Addictions, Cambridge Health Alliance, Medford, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"LaBrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Director of Research and Data Analysis, Division on Addictions, Cambridge Health Alliance, Medford, Massachusetts; Instructor in Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard J","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, Division on Addictions, Cambridge Health Alliance, Medford, Massachusetts; Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bibr1-070674371005500204","first-page":"61","volume":"163","author":"Korn DA","year":"2000","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"bibr2-070674371005500204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140532"},{"key":"bibr3-070674371005500204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00256-8"},{"key":"bibr4-070674371005500204","volume-title":"Problem and non-problem gamblers in New Zealand: A report on phase two of the 1999 National Prevalence Survey. Report number six of the New Zealand Gaming Survey","author":"Abbott MW","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr5-070674371005500204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00336.x"},{"key":"bibr6-070674371005500204","volume-title":"Gambling and problem gambling in South Africa: A national study","author":"Collins P","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr7-070674371005500204","volume-title":"Australia's gambling industries: Final report (no 10)","author":"Productivity Commission","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr8-070674371005500204","volume-title":"Gambling behaviour in Britain: Results from the British gambling prevalence survey","author":"Sproston K","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr9-070674371005500204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203420744_chapter_5"},{"key":"bibr10-070674371005500204","volume-title":"British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2007","author":"Wardle H","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr11-070674371005500204","volume-title":"A survey of American gambling attitudes and behavior","author":"Kallick M","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr12-070674371005500204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0504"},{"key":"bibr13-070674371005500204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101006473.x"},{"key":"bibr14-070674371005500204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01149.x"},{"key":"bibr15-070674371005500204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002900"},{"key":"bibr16-070674371005500204","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr17-070674371005500204","unstructured":"Shaffer HJ, Hall MN, Vander Bilt J. 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