{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:24:56Z","timestamp":1791066296972,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To classify into subgroups a sample of pathological gambling (PG) patients according to personality variables and to describe the subgroups at a clinical level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PG patients ( n = 1171) were assessed with the South Oaks Gambling Screen; the Temperament and Character Inventory\u2014Revised; the Symptom Checklist-90\u2014Revised; Eysenck's Impulsivity Scales, a diagnostic questionnaire for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) PG criteria; and the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV, Axis I disorders, substance use module. Clinical measures were collected through a semi-structured interview. We performed a 2-step cluster analysis based on the above-mentioned personality variables. Clinical data were compared across clusters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four clusters were generated. Type I (disorganized and emotionally unstable) showed schizotypic traits, high impulsiveness, substance and alcohol abuse, and early age of onset, as well as psychopathological disturbances. Type II (schizoid) showed high harm avoidance, social aloofness, and alcohol abuse. Type III (reward sensitive) showed high sensation seeking and impulsiveness but no psychopathological impairments. Type IV (high-functioning) showed a globally adaptive personality profile, low level of substance and alcohol abuse or smoking, and no psychopathological disturbances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At least 4 types of PG patients may be identified. Two types showed a response modulation deficit, but only one of them had severe psychopathological disturbances. Two other types showed no impulsiveness or sensation seeking and one of them even exhibited good general functioning. The different personality and clinical configuration of these clusters might be linked to different therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T04:44:38Z","timestamp":1484109878000},"page":"498-506","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Subtyping Study of a Pathological Gamblers Sample"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Eva Ma","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Moya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Psychologist, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Research Psychologist, CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Member of CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain; Associated Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma Neus","family":"Aymam\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Associated Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Psychology School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Departament de Psicologia Cl\u00ednica i de la Salut, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"G\u00f3mez-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roser","family":"Granero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor in Statistics, Applied-Statistics Laboratory, Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanjo","family":"Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Psychologist, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M","family":"Mench\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of the Department, Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL Barcelona, Spain; Head of Group, CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Full Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Head of Group, CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Full Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674371005500804","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr2-070674371005500804","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0504"},{"key":"bibr3-070674371005500804","first-page":"U2604","volume":"120","author":"Mason K","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"bibr4-070674371005500804","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.07.030"},{"key":"bibr5-070674371005500804","first-page":"980","volume":"294","author":"Holden C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"\u2018Behavioral\u2019 addictions: Do they exist? 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