{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:48:59Z","timestamp":1777520939579,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence of nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) in the Canadian general adult population in the context of rising overall prescription opioid (PO) consumption and related problems in North America.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of NMPOU was assessed as a multiitem construct in the Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey (CADUMS; n = 16 672), an ongoing cross-sectional monthly random digit dialing telephone survey representative of the general Canadian population, aged 15 years and older. CADUMS data were collected between April and December of 2008 with a response rate of 43.5%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>About 22% of CADUMS respondents reported PO use in the last year, while 0.5% reported NMPOU during the same time frame. PO use was significantly higher among women than among men, and highest in the group aged 25 to 54 years. NMPOU was similar among men and women, and highest in the group aged 15 to 24 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CADUMS data indicate an extremely low rate of NMPOU, especially given the levels of overall PO use, other PO-use related problems, and NMPOU levels estimated in the general US population where NMPOU has been assessed to be 10 times higher than in Canada. NMPOU survey item construction and response rates appear to strongly influence and potentially compromise NMPOU survey data. Existing NMPOU data and survey methods need to be validated for this important indicator in Canada, where increasing PO use and problem levels have been recognized as a significant and rising public health problem.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T15:37:24Z","timestamp":1484149044000},"page":"606-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Assessing the Prevalence of Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use in the General Canadian Population: Methodological Issues and Questions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addictions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia; Senior Scientist, Public Health and Regulatory Policies, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellow, Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addictions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Ialomiteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Coordinator, Public Health and Regulatory Policies Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Boak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Coordinator, Public Health and Regulatory Policies Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Addiction Policy, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Senior Scientist and Co-Head, Section Public Health and Regulatory Policies, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario; Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Head, Epidemiological Research Unit, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Klinische Psychologie and Psychotherapie, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.05.009"},{"key":"bibr2-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009145090803500210"},{"key":"bibr3-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00003-6"},{"key":"bibr4-070674371005500909","volume-title":"Results from the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr5-070674371005500909","volume-title":"Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr6-070674371005500909","volume-title":"National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main findings 1997","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr7-070674371005500909","volume-title":"Drug Abuse Warning Network 2006: National estimates of drug-related emergency department visits","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr8-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1276"},{"key":"bibr9-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2005.09.010"},{"key":"bibr10-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2004.04001.x"},{"key":"bibr11-070674371005500909","volume-title":"Narcotic drugs: Estimated world requirements for 2009","author":"International Narcotics Control Board (INCB)","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr12-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.090784"},{"key":"bibr13-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.091791"},{"key":"bibr14-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.001"},{"key":"bibr15-070674371005500909","volume-title":"Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey 2008: Microdata user guide","author":"Health Canada","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr16-070674371005500909","volume-title":"The Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey (CADUMS): Summary of results for 2008 [Internet]","author":"Health Canada","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr17-070674371005500909","volume-title":"Thinking about answers: The application of cognitive processes to survey methodology","author":"Sudman S","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr18-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.95.11s3.5.x"},{"key":"bibr19-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00077.x"},{"key":"bibr20-070674371005500909","volume-title":"National thematic workshop on preventing the problematic use of psychotropic pharmaceutics key messages report","author":"Health Canada","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr21-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.03.002"},{"key":"bibr22-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023254226592"},{"key":"bibr23-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471654728"},{"key":"bibr24-070674371005500909","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405469"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674371005500909","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674371005500909","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:12:52Z","timestamp":1777392772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674371005500909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674371005500909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674371005500909","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}