{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:49:17Z","timestamp":1777520957111,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine baseline mental disorders and other correlates among people who have not previously used drugs as potential risk factors for incident drug use at 3-years' follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data came from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (commonly referred to as the NESARC) Wave 2 (2004 to 2005; n = 34 653), a longitudinal nationally representative survey of mental illness in community-dwelling adults. The study group consisted of people who reported no history of any illicit drug use or prescription drug misuse at Wave 1 (2001 to 2002). Logistic regression analyses were used to compare people with first-episode drug use at Wave 2 ( n = 1145) to those who remained abstinent ( n = 25 790) across various Wave 1 correlates, including sociodemographic factors, mental disorders (including alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence), childhood adversity, and family history of substance use disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All measures of childhood adversity were associated with an increased risk of incident drug use, as were alcohol or drug problems in first-degree relatives. In models adjusted for childhood adversity and a family history of addiction, a pre-existing mood disorder (AOR 1.31; 95% Cl 1.04 to 1.64), personality disorder (AOR 1.82; 95% Cl 1.50 to 2.20), previous nicotine dependence (AOR 1.41; 95% Cl 1.09 to 1.83), and alcohol abuse or dependence (AOR 1.96; 95% Cl 1.48 to 2.60) were independently associated with new-onset drug use at follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Specific mental disorders independently increase the risk of progression to incident drug use among people who were previously abstinent. Early-life adversities and addiction in family members accounts for some, but not all, of this observed relation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371105601107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T05:51:52Z","timestamp":1484113912000},"page":"686-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["A Longitudinal Study of Risk Factors for Incident Drug Use in Adults: Findings from a Representative Sample of the US Population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Harrington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatrist, Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Research Associate, Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shay-Lee","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jitender","family":"Sareen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.886"},{"key":"bibr2-070674371105601107","volume-title":"The global burden of disease: 2004 update [Internet]","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr3-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002"},{"key":"bibr4-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.566"},{"key":"bibr5-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00350.x"},{"key":"bibr6-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02221.x"},{"key":"bibr7-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x"},{"key":"bibr8-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230412331289482"},{"key":"bibr9-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01875.x"},{"key":"bibr10-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e31802dc54d"},{"key":"bibr11-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61162-3"},{"key":"bibr12-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.08.008"},{"key":"bibr13-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-002-0566-3"},{"key":"bibr14-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.4.620"},{"key":"bibr15-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.41"},{"key":"bibr16-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32832a2349"},{"key":"bibr17-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.08.009"},{"key":"bibr18-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1878"},{"key":"bibr19-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(00)00088-X"},{"key":"bibr20-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.12.2141"},{"key":"bibr21-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0211"},{"key":"bibr22-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.7.830"},{"key":"bibr23-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080151"},{"key":"bibr24-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190043026"},{"key":"bibr25-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199601000-00018"},{"key":"bibr26-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-089X(03)00060-7"},{"key":"bibr27-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1105-1429"},{"key":"bibr28-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012996"},{"key":"bibr29-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.07.014"},{"key":"bibr30-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2009.70.269"},{"key":"bibr31-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J233v06n02_05"},{"key":"bibr32-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.3.311"},{"key":"bibr33-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X07307315"},{"key":"bibr34-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300681"},{"key":"bibr35-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02064.x"},{"key":"bibr36-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.019"},{"key":"bibr37-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n0711"},{"key":"bibr38-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0404"},{"key":"bibr39-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0714"},{"key":"bibr40-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00070-X"},{"key":"bibr41-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.001"},{"key":"bibr42-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830160031005"},{"key":"bibr43-070674371105601107","volume-title":"Software for survey data analysis (SUDAAN), Version 8.0","author":"Research Triangle Institute","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr44-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511499777.005"},{"key":"bibr45-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.30-3-83"},{"key":"bibr46-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.02.017"},{"key":"bibr47-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)01345-8"},{"key":"bibr48-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2002.00958.x"},{"key":"bibr49-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.1602.2009.11"},{"key":"bibr50-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.21.2.231"},{"key":"bibr51-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.069070"},{"key":"bibr52-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801204272129"},{"key":"bibr53-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.21.3.373"},{"key":"bibr54-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001811"},{"key":"bibr55-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01399.x"},{"key":"bibr56-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.10.003"},{"key":"bibr57-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999208992825"},{"key":"bibr58-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v21n03_04"},{"key":"bibr59-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080801922652"},{"key":"bibr60-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480802298705"},{"key":"bibr61-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(10)80012-4"},{"key":"bibr62-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.013"},{"key":"bibr63-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000244481.63148.98"},{"key":"bibr64-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.05.001"},{"key":"bibr65-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742"},{"key":"bibr66-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2007.10399882"},{"key":"bibr67-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hsw\/20.3.207"},{"key":"bibr68-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100875"},{"key":"bibr69-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(02)00349-5"},{"key":"bibr70-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000308"},{"key":"bibr71-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(99)00027-1"},{"key":"bibr72-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-006-9064-9"},{"key":"bibr73-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003425"},{"key":"bibr74-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01322.x"},{"key":"bibr75-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.001"},{"key":"bibr76-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00280.x"},{"key":"bibr77-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.566"},{"key":"bibr78-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480802294787"},{"key":"bibr79-070674371105601107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-11-93"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674371105601107","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674371105601107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:13:00Z","timestamp":1777392780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674371105601107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674371105601107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674371105601107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}}}