{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:44:34Z","timestamp":1790365474962,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Various mental health services were provided in New York City in the response to the September 11 attacks. This article describes these services and the subsequent research in disaster psychiatry to identify recommended practices for future disasters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A PubMed search identified 198 articles since the 9\/11 attacks that included \u201cNew York City,\u201d and either \u201c9\/11\u201d or \u201cdisaster,\u201d and either \u201cpsychiatry\u201d or \u201cmental health.\u201d The abstracts of all of these articles were reviewed to identify articles that described clinical services and those articles were then reviewed in detail. Additional reports on 9\/11-related services were identified through book chapters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute services included debriefings and other single-time outreach interventions. Postacute phase interventions included community outreach with the goal of addressing normative psychological sequelae, multisession interventions based on evidence-based treatments, and hospital-based psychiatric services provided in the context of general health screenings for response workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many programs integrated medical and nonmedical services. The professional literature in the decade since this disaster has shifted recommended practices away from psychological debriefings in the acute phase to the implementation of psychological first aid (PFA). Many of the acute 9\/11-related services actually closely resembled PFA. In the postacute phase, resources need to be made available for more resource-intensive psychiatric treatment for the fraction of survivors who develop psychiatric illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371305800302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T20:05:19Z","timestamp":1484165119000},"page":"128-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Review and Retrospective Analysis of Mental Health Services Provided after the September 11 Attacks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Anand","family":"Pandya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.2010.01063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.62.9.pss6209_1085"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/dmp.2011.50"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Introduction to special issue commemorating the 10th anniversary of September 11, 2001","volume":"13","author":"Boscarino JA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boscarino JA. Introduction to special issue commemorating the 10th anniversary of September 11, 2001. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2011;13(2):65\u201367.","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Ment Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20110727-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Terrorism and disaster: Individual and community mental health interventions","author":"Oldham JM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oldham JM. September 11, 2001 and its aftermath in New York City. In: Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS, Norwood AE, editors. Terrorism and disaster: Individual and community mental health interventions. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press; 2003. p 23\u201330."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"239","volume-title":"September 11: Trauma and human bonds","author":"Herman DB","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herman DB, Aaron BP, Susser ES. An agenda for public mental health in a time of terror. In: Coates SW, Rosenthal JL, Schechter DS, editors. September 11: Trauma and human bonds. Hillsdale (NJ): The Analytic Press; 2003. p 239\u2013253."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Methods for disaster mental health research","author":"North CS","year":"2006","unstructured":"North CS, Norris FH. Choosing research methods to match research goals in studies of disaster or terrorism. In: Norris FH, Galea S, Friedman MJ, , editors. Methods for disaster mental health research. New York (NY): The Guilford Press; 2006. p 45\u201361."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.8.755"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/pn.36.19.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Disaster psychiatry: Intervening when nightmares come true","author":"Heath D.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heath D. The World Trade Center disaster and the setting up of Kids' Corner. In: Pandya A, Katz CL, editors. 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