{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:06:57Z","timestamp":1790672817849,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present review aims to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of the \u03b1-1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin as primary pharmacologic treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was performed using keywords (i.e., prazosin, \u03b1-1-adrenergic antagonist, \u03b1-1-blocker, post-traumatic stress disorder) in the databases PubMed\/Medline (1966\u2013May 2016), Embase (1966\u2013May 2016), ScienceDirect (1823\u2013May 2016), OvidSP (1946\u2013May 2016) and Nature (1845\u2013May 2016). To be considered for inclusion, studies had to test the efficacy of prazosin either alone or added to ongoing treatment in adults with PTSD, use validated tools to assess and monitor the disorders, allow comparisons on the basis of univariate analyses (i.e., p-values of t-tests and effect sizes) and list the identified adverse reactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>12 studies were included: 5 randomized controlled trials, 4 open-label prospective trials and 3 retrospective file reviews. The evaluation concerned 276 patients exposed to civilian trauma (19%) or war trauma (81%). Prazosin significantly decreases trauma nightmares, avoidance, hypervigilance and improves patient status in all studies. No significant difference of blood pressure was observed at the end of trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Beyond the methodological and clinical biases of these studies, the present review not only confirms the effectiveness and good tolerability of prazosin, but also suggests its possible use as primary pharmacologic treatment for PTSD. Uncertainties remain, however, regarding the prescription modalities and dosages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743716659275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]],"date-time":"2016-07-18T23:19:03Z","timestamp":1468883943000},"page":"186-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders with the Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonist Prazosin"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Philippe Yves R\u00e9my","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Recherche clinique, H\u00f4pital d\u2019Instruction des Arm\u00e9es Sainte-Anne, Toulon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de psychiatrie, H\u00f4pital d\u2019Instruction des Arm\u00e9es Sainte-Anne, Toulon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr2-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7006(05)82388-7"},{"key":"bibr3-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810270028003"},{"key":"bibr4-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012"},{"key":"bibr5-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.7.626"},{"key":"bibr6-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617"},{"key":"bibr7-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2008.00049.x"},{"key":"bibr8-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.11.010"},{"key":"bibr9-0706743716659275","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"issue":"420","key":"bibr10-0706743716659275","first-page":"21","volume":"109","author":"Alonso J","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"bibr11-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128944"},{"key":"bibr12-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048670903393597"},{"key":"bibr13-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.61"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr14-0706743716659275","first-page":"476","volume":"33","author":"Aux\u00e9m\u00e9ry Y","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Med Brux"},{"key":"bibr15-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490080106"},{"key":"bibr16-0706743716659275","unstructured":"Weathers FW, Litz BT, Herman DS, The PTSD checklist: reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Article pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence annuelle de l\u2019International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies; 24\u201327 octobre 1993; San Antonio (TX)."},{"key":"bibr17-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guy W. ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology: publication ADM 76-338. Washington (DC): National Institute of Mental Health; 1976.","DOI":"10.1037\/e591322011-001"},{"key":"bibr18-0706743716659275","volume-title":"San Diego (CA): Educational and Industrial Testing Service","author":"McNair DM","year":"1971"},{"key":"bibr19-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"bibr20-0706743716659275","unstructured":"Thompson C, Taylor FB, Jennings D, A comparison of severely distressed nocturnal awakenings with and without trauma-relevant nightmares in male veterans with combat PTSD and the efficacy of prazosin in reducing both: a chart review. Article pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au 21\u00e8me congr\u00e8s de l\u2019International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies; 2\u20135 novembre 2005; Toronto (ON)."},{"key":"bibr21-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(197607)32:3<654::AID-JCLP2270320336>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"bibr22-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.99.4.398"},{"key":"bibr23-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"bibr24-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024725319777"},{"key":"bibr25-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.07.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr26-0706743716659275","first-page":"129","volume":"39","author":"Canini F","year":"2011","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine et Arm\u00e9es (Paris)"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr27-0706743716659275","volume":"39","author":"Vautier V","year":"2011","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine et Arm\u00e9es (Paris)"},{"key":"bibr28-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20351"},{"key":"bibr29-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-329-9_10"},{"key":"bibr30-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krystal JH, Neumeister A. Noradrenergic and serotonergic mechanisms in the neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder and resilience. Brain Res. 2009;1293:13\u201323. [PubMed: 19332037]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.03.044"},{"key":"bibr31-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12081133"},{"key":"bibr32-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(02)00058-4"},{"key":"bibr33-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00116-1"},{"key":"bibr34-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.12.001"},{"key":"bibr35-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5740-03.2004"},{"key":"bibr36-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00297-2"},{"key":"bibr37-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07030504"},{"key":"bibr38-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000080952"},{"key":"bibr39-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1364.007"},{"key":"bibr40-0706743716659275","unstructured":"Prades JM, Laurent B, Navez ML. Anatomie clinique du syst\u00e8me nerveux central. Paris (FR): Elsevier Masson; 1999. 260 p."},{"key":"bibr41-0706743716659275","unstructured":"Pritchard TC, Alloway KD. Neurosciences m\u00e9dicales: les bases neuroanatomiques et neurophysiologiques. Bruxelles (BE): De Boeck Universit\u00e9; 2002. 528 p."},{"key":"bibr42-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.5.624"},{"key":"bibr43-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.8.1227"},{"key":"bibr44-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012941"},{"key":"bibr45-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2012.09.031"},{"key":"bibr46-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01895-4"},{"key":"bibr47-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.9.1554"},{"key":"bibr48-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156802607782341037"},{"key":"bibr49-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199205000-00006"},{"key":"bibr50-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2011.12.003"},{"key":"bibr51-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.04.009"},{"key":"bibr52-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.174.4.353"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr53-0706743716659275","first-page":"28","volume":"66","author":"O\u2019Brien CP","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr54-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2012.04.002"},{"key":"bibr55-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2013.04.011"},{"key":"bibr56-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200464040-00004"},{"key":"bibr57-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.5.519"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr58-0706743716659275","first-page":"3","volume":"161","author":"Ursano JR","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr59-0706743716659275","first-page":"CD002795","volume":"1","author":"Stein DJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr60-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.12.004"},{"key":"bibr61-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.14.1837"},{"key":"bibr62-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.485"},{"key":"bibr63-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.10.1777"},{"key":"bibr64-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200204000-00013"},{"key":"bibr65-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200403000-00005"},{"key":"bibr66-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.10.1158"},{"key":"bibr67-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000222514.71390.c1"},{"key":"bibr68-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1171"},{"key":"bibr69-0706743716659275","author":"Kerbage H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"bibr70-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27883"},{"key":"bibr71-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01279-3"},{"key":"bibr72-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00412-8"},{"key":"bibr73-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.05.022"},{"key":"bibr74-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2007.05.006"},{"key":"bibr75-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/371702a0"},{"key":"bibr76-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3950"},{"key":"bibr77-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.09.001"},{"key":"bibr78-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09071074"},{"key":"bibr79-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2010.00227.x"},{"key":"bibr80-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.11.006"},{"key":"bibr81-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00543712"},{"key":"bibr82-0706743716659275","unstructured":"Collectif. Vidal 2015: Le dictionnaire. 91e ed. Paris (FR): Vidal; 2015."},{"key":"bibr83-0706743716659275","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder: psychological and biological sequelae","author":"Kolb LC","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr84-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198909000-00005"},{"key":"bibr85-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199410000-00010"},{"key":"bibr86-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1996.0022"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr87-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1177\/009127007001000608","volume":"10","author":"Cohen BM","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol J New Drugs"},{"key":"bibr88-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00503830"},{"key":"bibr89-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.2.371"},{"key":"bibr90-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.06.032"},{"key":"bibr91-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2011.596865"},{"key":"bibr92-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181dac52f"},{"key":"bibr93-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145711001209"},{"key":"bibr94-0706743716659275","volume-title":"VA\/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of Post-traumatic Stress","author":"Management of Post-Traumatic Stress Working Group","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr95-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.536"},{"key":"bibr96-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13091259"},{"key":"bibr97-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2007.9.1\/jchuffman"},{"key":"bibr98-0706743716659275","volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman\u2019s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics","author":"Hardman JG","year":"1996","edition":"9"},{"key":"bibr99-0706743716659275","volume-title":"Guide pratique des m\u00e9dicaments","author":"Dorosz P","year":"2009","edition":"28"},{"key":"bibr100-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.19240"},{"key":"bibr101-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.1468"},{"key":"bibr102-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.13010006"},{"key":"bibr103-0706743716659275","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr104-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.09.023"},{"key":"bibr105-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0208"},{"key":"bibr106-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200202000-00013"},{"key":"bibr107-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988703256050"},{"key":"bibr108-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20570"},{"key":"bibr109-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0705"},{"key":"bibr110-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000364287.63210.92"},{"key":"bibr111-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2011.11.010"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr112-0706743716659275","volume":"14","author":"Hudson SM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS disord"},{"key":"bibr113-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.05.015"},{"key":"bibr114-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09057"},{"key":"bibr115-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.170.6.513"},{"key":"bibr116-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(94)90161-9"},{"key":"bibr117-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000026676"},{"key":"bibr118-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2001.0174"},{"key":"bibr119-0706743716659275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300109"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr120-0706743716659275","first-page":"41","volume":"58","author":"Scheen AJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Med Liege"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0706743716659275","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0706743716659275","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0706743716659275","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:14:25Z","timestamp":1777392865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0706743716659275"}},"subtitle":["A Review of Outcome Studies"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0706743716659275"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0706743716659275","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]]}}}