{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:05:51Z","timestamp":1790787951459,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a medical term used to describe a range of mental and physical disabilities caused by maternal alcohol consumption. The role of alcohol as a teratogen and its effects on the cellular growth of the embryo and the fetus were not determined on scientific grounds until the late 1960s. However, the link between alcohol use during pregnancy and its harms to offspring might have been observed frequently over the many thousands of years during which alcohol has been available and used for social and other reasons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using sources ranging from the biblical Book of Judges (pre-1700) up until the first public health bulletin (1977), we seek to provide an overview of the academic debate around early historical accounts ostensibly attributed to the awareness of alcohol as a prenatal teratogen as well as to describe the social and political influences that sculpted developments leading to the public recognition of FASD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis provides a brief overview of the discourse regarding historical awareness of the detrimental effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on fetal development leading to the formal recognition of FASD as a distinct clinical entity. Further research will be required to fully appreciate the scientific, medical, and societal ills associated with prenatal alcohol exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743718777403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T21:32:25Z","timestamp":1527543145000},"page":"164-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Brief History of Awareness of the Link Between Alcohol and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Jasmine M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Bland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egon","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Greenshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0706743718777403","unstructured":"Ospina M, Dennet L. Systematic review on the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Edmonton (AB): Institute of Health Economics; 2013."},{"key":"bibr2-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.141593"},{"key":"bibr3-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(87)90087-1"},{"key":"bibr4-0706743718777403","first-page":"476","volume":"25","author":"Lemoine P","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ouest Med"},{"key":"bibr5-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91092-1"},{"key":"bibr6-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1980.tb100767.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1975.36.1395"},{"key":"bibr8-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.023"},{"key":"bibr9-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oseo\/instance.00006619"},{"key":"bibr10-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen TT, Coppens J, Riley EP. Prenatal alcohol exposure, FAS and FASD: an introduction. In: Riley EP, Clarren S, Weinberg J, eds. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder\u2014management and policy perspectives of FASD. Weinheim (Germany): Wiley-Blackwell; 2011:1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527632510.ch1"},{"key":"bibr11-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/34.6.868"},{"key":"bibr12-0706743718777403","volume-title":"Volume 1; Books 1-6","author":"Plato","year":"1926"},{"key":"bibr13-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008231"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr14-0706743718777403","first-page":"288","volume":"16","author":"Sanders JL","year":"2009","journal-title":"A review of the history of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Can J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"bibr15-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14797580305358"},{"key":"bibr16-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12757"},{"key":"bibr17-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0259"},{"key":"bibr18-0706743718777403","unstructured":"Dickens C. The posthumous papers of the Pickwick Club. London (UK): Penguin Books; 1836."},{"key":"bibr19-0706743718777403","unstructured":"Huxley A. Brave new world. New York (NY): HarperCollins; 1932."},{"key":"bibr20-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr006"},{"key":"bibr21-0706743718777403","first-page":"97","volume":"5","author":"Nicloux M","year":"1900","journal-title":"Obstetrique"},{"key":"bibr22-0706743718777403","unstructured":"Ballantyne JW. A manual of antenatal pathology and hygiene of the embryo. Vol. 2. Edinburg (UK): William Green and Sons; 1904."},{"key":"bibr23-0706743718777403","unstructured":"Laitinen T. The XII international conference on alcoholism. In: Crafts WF, Timanus Crafts SJ, eds. The world book of temperance. 3rd ed. Washington (DC): The International Reform Bureau; 1911. p. 303\u2013304."},{"key":"bibr24-0706743718777403","volume-title":"Handbook on modern facts about alcohol","author":"Stoddard CF.","year":"1914"},{"key":"bibr25-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2001.62.554"},{"key":"bibr26-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2013.11.008"},{"key":"bibr27-0706743718777403","volume-title":"Principles and practice of obstetrics","author":"De Lee JB","year":"1938","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr28-0706743718777403","volume-title":"Principles and practice of obstetrics","author":"De Lee JB","year":"1951","edition":"10"},{"key":"bibr29-0706743718777403","volume-title":"Obstetrical practice","author":"Beck AC","year":"1947","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr30-0706743718777403","unstructured":"Eastman NJ, Stander HJ, Williams JW. Williams obstetrics. New York (NY): Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1950."},{"key":"bibr31-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.0.0218"},{"key":"bibr32-0706743718777403","unstructured":"Dubow S. Ourselves unborn: a history of the fetus in modern America. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 1993."},{"key":"bibr33-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009318531003800402"},{"key":"bibr34-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03364.x"},{"key":"bibr35-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90555-8"},{"key":"bibr36-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1980.tb05629.x"},{"key":"bibr37-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1980.tb05627.x"},{"key":"bibr38-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1982.tb04998.x"},{"key":"bibr39-0706743718777403","first-page":"539","volume":"61","author":"Rosett HL","year":"1983","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"bibr40-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1980.tb05630.x"},{"key":"bibr41-0706743718777403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197805112981906"},{"key":"bibr42-0706743718777403","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) [cited March 25, 2018]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/fasd\/alcohol-use.html"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0706743718777403","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0706743718777403","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0706743718777403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:13:49Z","timestamp":1777392829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0706743718777403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0706743718777403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0706743718777403","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]}}}