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city","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000965","name":"myer foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council"},{"name":"Tejada Family Foundation"},{"name":"Peruvian-American Endowment"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Maternal Mental Health in Canada, 2018\/2019, survey reported that 18% of 7,085 mothers who recently gave birth reported \u201cfeelings consistent with postpartum depression\u201d based on scores \u22657 on a 5-item version of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS-5). The EPDS-5 was designed as a screening questionnaire, not to classify disorders or estimate prevalence; the extent to which EPDS-5 results reflect depression prevalence is unknown. We investigated EPDS-5 \u22657 performance relative to major depression prevalence based on a validated diagnostic interview, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched Medline, Medline In-Process &amp; Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science Core Collection through June 2016 for studies with data sets with item response data to calculate EPDS-5 scores and that used the SCID to ascertain depression status. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis to estimate pooled percentage of EPDS-5 \u22657, pooled SCID major depression prevalence, and the pooled difference in prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3,958 participants from 19 primary studies were included. Pooled prevalence of SCID major depression was 9.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0% to 13.7%), pooled percentage of participants with EPDS-5 \u22657 was 16.2% (95% CI 10.7% to 23.8%), and pooled difference was 8.0% (95% CI 2.9% to 13.2%). In the 19 included studies, mean and median ratios of EPDS-5 to SCID prevalence were 2.1 and 1.4 times.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence estimated based on EPDS-5 \u22657 appears to be substantially higher than the prevalence of major depression. Validated diagnostic interviews should be used to establish prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720934959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T22:46:32Z","timestamp":1603838792000},"page":"835-844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Overestimation of Postpartum Depression Prevalence Based on a 5-item Version of the EPDS: Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5644-8432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett D.","family":"Thombs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Levis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Lyubenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipika","family":"Neupane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelalem","family":"Negeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, 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A.","family":"Ioannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorie A.","family":"Kloda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Library, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9871-4041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott B.","family":"Patten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Cuthbertson & Fischer Chair in Pediatric Mental Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9914-3498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Shrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy C.","family":"Ziegelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liane","family":"Comeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union for Health Promotion and Health Education, \u00c9cole de 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the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Scotland"},{"name":"Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (MEIRU), Lilongwe, Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meri","family":"Tadinac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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