{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:31:31Z","timestamp":1792114291773,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003579","name":"University of Toronto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Academic Scholarship Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Academic Scholarship Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A small proportion of people who have serious mental illness and rapid and frequent incarcerations account for a disproportionate amount of overall service use and cost. It is important to describe such individuals, so that services can respond more effectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated a cohort of 4,704 incarcerated men and women who were discharged from a correctional mental health service and followed for a median of 535 days. We investigated social, clinical, demographic, and offense characteristics as predictors of return to the service using Cox survival analyses. Secondly, we characterized individuals as high-frequency service users as those who had 3 or more incarcerations during a 1-year period and investigated their characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that a higher rate of return to custody was associated with schizophrenia spectrum\/bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), personality disorder traits, crack cocaine and methamphetamine use, and unstable housing. Charges of theft\/robbery and breach of probation were also positively associated, and sex assault was negatively associated with return to custody. Within a 1-year time period, we found 7.2% of individuals were high-frequency service users, which accounted for 19.5% of all reincarcerations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identification of the characteristics of those with mental illness in custody, especially those who have high-frequency returns to custody, may provide opportunity to target resources more effectively. The primary targets of intervention would be to treat those with schizophrenia\/BPAD and substance use problems, particularly those using stimulants, and addressing homelessness. This could reduce the problem of repeated criminalization of the mentally ill and reduce the overall incarceration rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720970829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T21:12:58Z","timestamp":1604697178000},"page":"560-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Patterns and Predictors of Reincarceration among Prisoners with Serious Mental Illness: A Cohort Study: Mod\u00e8les et pr\u00e9dicteurs de r\u00e9incarc\u00e9ration chez les prisonniers souffrant de maladie mentale grave : Une \u00e9tude de cohorte"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3335-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madleina","family":"Manetsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Adolescent Forensic Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cory","family":"Gerritsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0478-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander I. 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