{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:39:47Z","timestamp":1787927987213,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["333252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["333252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current study used the Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey (CAFVMHS) to (1) examine the incidence and prevalence of mental disorders and (2) estimate the comorbidity of mental disorders over the follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CAFVMHS (2018) is a longitudinal study with two time points of assessment. The sample is comprised of 2,941 Canadian Forces members and veterans who participated in the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey: Canadian Forces Supplement. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) was utilized to diagnose Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder (SAD), and alcohol abuse and dependence. Self-report health professional diagnoses were assessed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mania, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and personality disorder. We established weighted prevalence of mental disorders and examined the association between mental disorders using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2018, lifetime prevalence of any WHO-CIDI-based or self-reported mental disorder was 58.1%. Lifetime prevalence of any mood or anxiety disorder or PTSD was 54.0% in 2018. MDE (39.9%), SAD (25.7%), and PTSD (21.4%) were the most common mental disorders. There was a substantial increase in new onset or recurrence\/persistence of mental disorders between the two measurement points (16-year assessment gap); 2002\u20132018 period prevalences were 43.5% for mood and anxiety disorder and 16.8% for alcohol abuse or dependence. The prevalence of self-reported ADHD, OCD, any personality disorder, and mania were 3.3%, 3.0%, 0.8%, and 0.8%, respectively. Comorbidity between mental disorders increased over the follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates a high burden of mental disorders among a large Canadian military and veteran cohort. These findings underscore the importance of prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the burden of mental disorders and alcohol use disorders in these populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437211000636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T19:34:00Z","timestamp":1615923240000},"page":"951-960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Lifetime Prevalence and Comorbidity of Mental Disorders in the Two-wave 2002\u20132018 Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey (CAFVMHS): Pr\u00e9valence et Comorbidit\u00e9 de Dur\u00e9e de vie Des Troubles Mentaux Dans l\u2019Enqu\u00eate de Suivi Sur la Sant\u00e9 Mentale Aupr\u00e8s des Membres des Forces Arm\u00e9es Canadiennes et Des ex-Militaires (ESSMFACM) en Deux Cycles de 2002 \u00e0 2018"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-6495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitender","family":"Sareen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0750-4266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shay-Lee","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2832-2223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3745-9785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracie O.","family":"Afifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8375-0151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murray W.","family":"Enns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5856-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Taillieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Stewart-Tufescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3445-5607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"El-Gabalawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth Ann","family":"Marrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Don","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada,"},{"name":"St. Joseph\u2019s OSI Clinic, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray B.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles N.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6319-5181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M.","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1329-914X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon J. 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