{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T08:59:28Z","timestamp":1785315568109,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported through a research contract with the lead author (RCC) funded by the Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction using Health Canada Cannabis Research Initiative funds.","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis legalization in many jurisdictions worldwide has raised concerns that such legislation might increase the burden of transient and persistent psychotic illnesses in society. Our study aimed to address this issue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drawing upon emergency department (ED) presentations aggregated across Alberta and Ontario, Canada records (April 1, 2015\u2013December 31, 2019), we employed Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models to assess associations between Canada's cannabis legalization (via the Cannabis Act implemented on October 17, 2018) and weekly ED presentation counts of the following ICD-10-CA-defined target series of cannabis-induced psychosis (F12.5; n\u2009=\u20095832) and schizophrenia and related conditions (\u201cschizophrenia\u201d; F20-F29; n\u2009=\u2009211,661), as well as two comparison series of amphetamine-induced psychosis (F15.5; n\u2009=\u200910,829) and alcohol-induced psychosis (F10.5; n\u2009=\u20091,884).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ED presentations for cannabis-induced psychosis doubled between April 2015 and December 2019. However, across all four SARIMA models, there was no evidence of significant step-function effects associated with cannabis legalization on post-legalization weekly ED counts of: (1) cannabis-induced psychosis [0.34 (95% CI \u22124.1; 4.8; P\u2009=\u20090.88)]; (2) schizophrenia [24.34 (95% CI \u221218.3; 67.0; P\u2009=\u20090.26)]; (3) alcohol-induced psychosis [0.61 (95% CI \u22120.6; 1.8; P\u2009=\u20090.31); or (4) amphetamine-induced psychosis [1.93 (95% CI \u22122.8; 6.7; P\u2009=\u20090.43)].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation of Canada's cannabis legalization framework was not associated with evidence of significant changes in cannabis-induced psychosis or schizophrenia ED presentations. Given the potentially idiosyncratic rollout of Canada's cannabis legalization, further research will be required to establish whether study results generalize to other settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437211070650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T09:52:24Z","timestamp":1641981144000},"page":"616-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Associations Between Canada's Cannabis Legalization and Emergency Department Presentations for Transient Cannabis-Induced Psychosis and Schizophrenia Conditions: Ontario and Alberta, 2015\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0347-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell C.","family":"Callaghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Prince George, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"University of Victoria, Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Sanches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Konefal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Maloney-Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Kish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-07067437211070650","unstructured":"Parliament of Canada. 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