{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:00:45Z","timestamp":1777521645190,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Specialized early intervention for psychosis can reduce the duration of untreated psychosis and improve clinical and functional outcomes. However, poor adherence to treatment is frequent. The literature on community treatment orders (CTOs) use in first-episode psychosis (FEP) as a means to improve treatment adherence is limited. In the context of early intervention for psychosis services (EIS), this study aims to describe (1) the frequency of CTOs utilisation, (2) the trend of CTOs use over time, (3) the timing and reasons for requesting CTOs and (4) the baseline characteristics of FEP patients on CTOs compared to those who were not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 5-year prospective longitudinal study describing the use of CTOs among persons with FEP admitted to two urban EIS in Montreal, Quebec, from 2005 to 2013. At admission, and then annually for 5 years, CTOs data were collected through chart review. Baseline characteristics, assessed by patient interviews, standardized questionnaires and chart review, included socio-demographic data, illness severity, functioning and alcohol and substance use. Descriptive analyses were performed, and FEP patients on CTOs during follow-up and those who were not were compared using analyses of variance, chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 567 FEP patients, 19.2% were placed on CTOs. The main reasons for requesting CTOs were to prevent further deterioration in mental state, social functioning, harmful behaviours to self and others and homelessness. FEP patients on CTOs had poorer premorbid and baseline functioning, more severe symptoms and social dysfunction at admission, including legal problems and homelessness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CTOs can be a tool to improve adherence to treatment, which is crucial for relapse prevention in FEP. However, since it is a coercive method that limits a person's fundamental rights, further research is warranted to assess its impact on patients\u2019 lives, clinical and functional outcomes, as well as patients\u2019 and carers\u2019 perception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437221125284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T10:16:24Z","timestamp":1663841784000},"page":"119-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Community Treatment Orders use Among Persons With a First Episode of Psychosis in Quebec"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0577-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minh Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3392-423X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxanne","family":"Sicotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Pires De Oliveira Padilha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences axis, Research Center Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3333-9652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Abdel-Baki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Neurosciences axis, Research Center Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.7.762"},{"key":"bibr2-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.6.506"},{"key":"bibr3-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001399"},{"key":"bibr4-07067437221125284","volume-title":"Australian-clinical guidelines for early psychosis","author":"Early Psychosis Guidelines Writing Group and EPPIC National Support Program","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr5-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719895193"},{"key":"bibr6-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.02437.x"},{"key":"bibr7-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.102003203.x"},{"key":"bibr8-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.12.022"},{"key":"bibr9-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743718777389"},{"key":"bibr10-07067437221125284","volume-title":"Nova Scotia","author":"Hospitals act: Chapter 208 of the revised statutes, 1989","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr11-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.7202\/031590ar","volume":"21","author":"Gamache C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sant\u00e9 Mentale au Qu\u00e9bec"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr12-07067437221125284","volume":"9","author":"Bernheim E","year":"2016","journal-title":"McGill Journal of Law and Health"},{"key":"bibr13-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719892718"},{"key":"bibr14-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743715620415"},{"key":"bibr15-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01919-4"},{"key":"bibr16-07067437221125284","first-page":"CD004408","volume":"12","author":"Kisely SR","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr17-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420954286"},{"key":"bibr18-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30382-1"},{"key":"bibr19-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60107-5"},{"key":"bibr20-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.3.330"},{"key":"bibr21-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.12.1968"},{"key":"bibr22-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2018.11.007"},{"key":"bibr23-07067437221125284","volume-title":"Coercive measures in first-episode psychosis : Characteristics of patients receiving coercive care","author":"Fainman-Adelman N","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr24-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7202\/016523ar"},{"key":"bibr25-07067437221125284","volume-title":"Childhood trauma questionnaire: A retrospective self-report: Manua","author":"Bernstein DP","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr26-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.12.1726"},{"key":"bibr27-07067437221125284","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of psychopharmacology","author":"Padhi A","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr28-07067437221125284","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Outcomes assessment in clinical practice","author":"Drake RE","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr29-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.9.1148"},{"key":"bibr30-07067437221125284","volume-title":"Enqu\u00eate sur l'utilisation de l'ordonnance de traitement hlhl","author":"Nicole LV K","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr31-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.09.007"},{"key":"bibr32-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30264-9"},{"key":"bibr33-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PROM.S42735"},{"key":"bibr34-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2019.02.006"},{"key":"bibr35-07067437221125284","volume-title":"A question of numbers: The potential impact of community-based treatment orders in England and Wales","author":"Lawton-Smith S","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr36-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856214531080"},{"key":"bibr37-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mppsy.2006.11.006"},{"key":"bibr38-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.01.076"},{"key":"bibr39-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12846"},{"key":"bibr40-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.10.031"},{"key":"bibr41-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2008.01363.x"},{"key":"bibr42-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.01.010"},{"key":"bibr43-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202000715"},{"key":"bibr44-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1322"},{"key":"bibr45-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500455"},{"key":"bibr46-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv021"},{"key":"bibr47-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-017-0845-7"},{"key":"bibr48-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852912000739"},{"key":"bibr49-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.743"},{"key":"bibr50-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201600161"},{"key":"bibr51-07067437221125284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c5146"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07067437221125284","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/07067437221125284","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07067437221125284","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:15:02Z","timestamp":1777392902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/07067437221125284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/07067437221125284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07067437221125284","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]}}}