{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:20:32Z","timestamp":1793402432178,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report emergency department and inpatient amphetamine-related trends focusing on co-occurring substance use and psychiatric diagnoses at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the largest mental health teaching hospital in Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe yearly trends in amphetamine-related Centre for Addiction and Mental Health emergency department visits and inpatient admissions out of all emergency department visits and inpatient admissions between 2014 and 2021, along with proportions of concurrent substance-related admissions and mental\/psychotic disorders emergency department visits and inpatient admissions among amphetamine-related contacts; joinpoint regression analyses assessed changes in amphetamine-related emergency department visits and inpatient admissions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Amphetamine-related emergency department visits rose from 1.5% in 2014 to 8.3% in 2021, with a peak of 9.9% in 2020. Amphetamine-related inpatient admissions rose from 2.0% to 8.8% in 2021, with a peak of 8.9% in 2020. Significant increasing trends in the percentage of amphetamine-related emergency department visits happened especially between the second and the fourth quarter of 2014 (quarterly percent change\u2009=\u2009\u2009+\u200971.4, P &lt;0.01). Similarly, the percentage of amphetamine-related inpatient admissions increased mostly between the second quarter of 2014 and the third quarter of 2015 (quarterly percent change \u2009=\u2009\u2009+\u200932.6, P &lt;0.01). The proportion of concurrent opioid-related contacts among amphetamine-related emergency department visits and inpatient admission increased markedly between 2014 and 2021; psychotic disorders in amphetamine-related inpatient admissions more than doubled from 2015 to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of amphetamine use, mostly from methamphetamine, has been increasing in Toronto as have co-occurring psychiatric disorders and opioid use. Our findings highlight the need for increases in accessible efficacious treatments for complex populations with polysubstance use and co-occurring disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437221125302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T10:26:18Z","timestamp":1663064778000},"page":"249-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Marked Increase in Amphetamine-Related Emergency Department Visits and Inpatient Admissions in Toronto, Canada, 2014\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6040-7708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor S.","family":"Tardelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAMH Reporting and Analytics\/Performance Improvement, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Canada"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"K. Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4578-0050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Gratzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1645-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony P.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Le Foll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-1580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Castle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-07067437221125302","unstructured":"Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction. Methamphetamine. 2020."},{"key":"bibr2-07067437221125302","unstructured":"Control CfD, Prevention, Statistics NCfH. Underlying Cause of Death 1999\u20132016 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released December, 2017. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999\u20132016, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. 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