{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:56:21Z","timestamp":1790708181561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIS-144301, CIS-144302, CIS-144303, CIS-144304, SM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIS-144301, CIS-144302, CIS-144303, CIS-144304, SM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prescription-type opioid use disorder (POUD) is often accompanied by comorbid anxiety, yet the impact of anxiety on retention in opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated whether baseline anxiety severity affects retention in OAT and whether this effect differs by OAT type (methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) vs. buprenorphine\/naloxone (BNX)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This secondary analysis used data from a pan-Canadian randomized trial comparing flexible take-home dosing BNX and standard supervised MMT for 24 weeks. The study included 268 adults with POUD. Baseline anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), with BAI\u2009\u2265\u200916 indicating moderate-to-severe anxiety. The primary outcomes were retention in assigned and any OAT at week 24. In addition, the impact of anxiety severity on retention was examined, and assigned OAT was considered an effect modifier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the participants, 176 (65%) reported moderate-to-severe baseline anxiety. In adjusted analyses, there was no significant difference in retention between those with BAI\u2009\u2265\u200916 and those with BAI\u2009&lt;\u200916 assigned (29% vs. 28%; odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20092.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20090.94\u20134.40;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.07) or any OAT (35% vs. 34%; OR = 1.57, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.77\u20133.21;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.21). In addition, there was no significant effect modification by OAT type for retention in assigned (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.41) or any OAT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.71). In adjusted analyses, greater retention in treatment was associated with BNX (vs. MMT), male gender identity (vs. female, transgender, or other), enrolment in the Quebec study site (vs. other sites), and absence of a positive urine drug screen for stimulants at baseline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline anxiety severity did not significantly impact retention in OAT for adults with POUD, and there was no significant effect modification by OAT type. However, the overall retention rates were low, highlighting the need to develop new strategies to minimize the risk of attrition from treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03033732).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437231194385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T03:07:24Z","timestamp":1694488044000},"page":"172-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Association Between Self-Reported Anxiety and Retention in Opioid Agonist Therapy: Findings From a Canadian Pragmatic Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3490-314X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anees","family":"Bahji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7969-9998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Bastien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al"},{"name":"Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paxton","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5133-1051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JinCheol","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Le Foll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"},{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Jutras-Aswad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al"},{"name":"Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2556-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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