{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:42:38Z","timestamp":1786729358021,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOP-106573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-106573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOP\u2013 93696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP\u2013 93696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Racial\/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders have been reported, but have not accounted for the prevalence of the traits that underlie these disorders. Examining rates of diagnoses in relation to traits may yield a clearer understanding of the degree to which racial\/ethnic minority youth in Canada differ in their access to care. We sought to examine differences in self\/parent-reported rates of diagnoses for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders after adjusting for differences in trait levels between youth from three racial\/ethnic groups: White, South Asian and East Asian.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected parent or self-reported ratings of OCD, ADHD and anxiety traits and diagnoses for 6- to 17-year-olds from a Canadian general population sample (Spit for Science). We examined racial\/ethnic differences in trait levels and the odds of reporting a diagnosis using mixed-effects linear models and logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      East Asian (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091301) and South Asian (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009730) youth reported significantly higher levels of OCD and anxiety traits than White youth (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096896). East Asian and South Asian youth had significantly lower odds of reporting a diagnosis for OCD (odds ratio [\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      ]\n                      <jats:sub>East Asian<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.08 [0.02, 0.41];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>South Asian\u2009<\/jats:sub>\n                      =\u20090.05 [0.00, 0.81]), ADHD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>East Asian<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.27 [0.16, 0.45];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>South Asian\u2009<\/jats:sub>\n                      =\u20090.09 [0.03, 0.30]) and anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>East Asian<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.21 [0.11, 0.39];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OR<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>South Asian<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.12 [0.05, 0.32]) than White youth after accounting for psychiatric trait levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest a discrepancy between trait levels of OCD, ADHD and anxiety and rates of diagnoses for East Asian and South Asian youth. This discrepancy may be due to increased barriers for ethnically diverse youth to access mental health care. Efforts to understand and mitigate these barriers in Canada are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437241233936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T03:15:43Z","timestamp":1709262943000},"page":"415-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Racial\/Ethnic Disparities in Psychiatric Traits and Diagnoses within a Community-based Sample of Children and Youth: Disparit\u00e9s raciales\/ethniques dans les traits et diagnostics psychiatriques au sein d\u2019un \u00e9chantillon communautaire d\u2019enfants et de jeunes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5932-0605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Dissanayake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christie L.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noam","family":"Soreni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Offord Center for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Pediatric OCD Consultation Clinic, Anxiety Treatment and Research Centre, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carleton University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Gajaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Departments of Psychiatry and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Schachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Crosbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.9907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2010.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.5.792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.2329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704003514"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743717741061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.14344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Werner C. 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