{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:26:39Z","timestamp":1788279999474,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014405","name":"CAMH Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Discovery Fund Seed Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Discovery Fund Seed Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heavy alcohol and drug use is reported by a substantial number of Canadians; yet, only a minority of those experiencing substance use difficulties access specialized services. Computer-Based Training for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT4CBT) offers a low-cost method to deliver accessible and high-quality CBT for substance use difficulties. To date, CBT4CBT has primarily been evaluated in terms of quantitative outcomes within substance use disorder (SUD) samples in the United States. A comparison between CBT4CBT versus standard care for SUDs in a Canadian sample is critical to evaluate its potential for health services in Canada. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of CBT4CBT versus standard care for SUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults seeking outpatient treatment for SUD ( N\u2009=\u200950) were randomly assigned to receive either CBT4CBT or treatment-as-usual (TAU) for 8 weeks. Measures of substance use and associated harms and quality of life were completed before and after treatment and at 6-month follow-up. Qualitative interviews were administered after treatment and at follow-up, and healthcare utilization and costs were extracted for the entire study period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants exhibited improvements on the primary outcome as well as several secondary outcomes; however, there were no differences between groups. A cost-effectiveness analysis found lower healthcare costs in CBT4CBT versus TAU in a subsample analysis, but more days of substance use in CBT4CBT. Qualitative analyses highlighted the benefits and challenges of CBT4CBT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings supported an overall improvement in clinical outcomes. Further investigation is warranted to identify opportunities for implementation of CBT4CBT in tertiary care settings. Trial Registration: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03767907<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437241255100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T03:39:47Z","timestamp":1716521987000},"page":"9-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Computer-Based Training for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Substance Use Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial Including Quantitative and Qualitative Health and Economic Outcomes: Formation informatis\u00e9e pour la th\u00e9rapie cognitivo-comportementale pour les troubles li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'usage de substances : un essai randomis\u00e9 contr\u00f4l\u00e9 y compris les r\u00e9sultats quantitatifs et qualitatifs en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 et d\u2019\u00e9conomie"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Alina","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Corman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Culture, Media, and Society, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"University Studies, Northern Lakes College, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0382-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nibene","family":"Som\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Downie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esha","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0668-5982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Addictions Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1645-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony P.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Le Foll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0934-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena C.","family":"Quilty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.886"},{"key":"bibr2-07067437241255100","volume-title":"Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings, NSDUH Series H-41, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 11-4658","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr3-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12501"},{"key":"bibr4-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13819"},{"key":"bibr5-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07111835"},{"key":"bibr6-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.09.015"},{"key":"bibr7-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070987"},{"key":"bibr8-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13162"},{"key":"bibr9-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17090978"},{"key":"bibr10-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462300011399"},{"key":"bibr11-07067437241255100","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-5\u2014Research Version (SCID-5 for DSM-5, Research Version; SCID-5-RV)","author":"First MB","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr12-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3"},{"key":"bibr13-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(92)90062-S"},{"key":"bibr14-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109070"},{"key":"bibr15-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1995.9056072.x"},{"key":"bibr16-07067437241255100","volume-title":"Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration and procedures manual - I","author":"Derogatis LR","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr17-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667"},{"key":"bibr18-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:QURE.0000018486.91360.00"},{"key":"bibr19-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12205"},{"key":"bibr20-07067437241255100","volume-title":"Guidelines for the economic evaluation of health technologies: Canada","author":"CADTH","year":"2017","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr21-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462321001732"},{"key":"bibr22-07067437241255100","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Schedule of Benefits: Physician Services Under the Health Insurance Act. 2022."},{"key":"bibr23-07067437241255100","volume-title":"Hospital spending: Focus on the emergency department","author":"Canadian Institute for Health Information","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr24-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(04)00004-2"},{"key":"bibr25-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01909.x"},{"key":"bibr26-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"bibr27-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.sth.8700037"},{"key":"bibr28-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2015.1119804"},{"key":"bibr29-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17404622.2018.1536794"},{"key":"bibr30-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource","author":"Taylor SJ","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394260485"},{"key":"bibr31-07067437241255100","unstructured":"Statistics Canada.\n                      Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally adjusted\n                      . 15 December 2023]; Available from: https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/tv.action?pid=1810000501"},{"key":"bibr32-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03076.x"},{"key":"bibr33-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021584"},{"key":"bibr34-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/NB09018"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr35-07067437241255100","volume":"91","author":"Hills M","journal-title":"Can J Public Health."},{"key":"bibr36-07067437241255100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1606\/1044-3894.3923"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07067437241255100","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/07067437241255100","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07067437241255100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:15:43Z","timestamp":1777392943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/07067437241255100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/07067437241255100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07067437241255100","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]}}}