{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:05:30Z","timestamp":1777521930316,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000034","name":"Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an evidence-based treatment for schizophrenia when anti-psychotic medications do not sufficiently control symptoms of psychosis or rapid response is required. Little is known about how it is used in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to identify the association of demographic and clinical characteristics with administration of ECT for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among psychiatric inpatients with a diagnosis of SSD in Ontario, Canada (2006\u20132023), patient-level socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were described in those who did and did not receive ECT. We used multi-variable logistic regression to assess the association between patient-level characteristics and administration of ECT during index hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 164,632 admissions, 2,168 (1.3%) involved exposure to \u22651 inpatient ECT procedure. Compared to those not receiving ECT, those receiving ECT were older, had higher rates of pre-admission medication use, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, outpatient mental health service use, but lower rates of substance use disorders. In the multi-variable logistic regression model, patient-level characteristics most strongly associated with receiving inpatient ECT were the presence of catatonia (odds ratio [OR]: 5.83; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 4.01\u20138.46), comorbid depression (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 2.07\u20132.98), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.55\u20133.00), while characteristics most strongly associated with not receiving inpatient ECT were myocardial infarction (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.20\u20130.95) and family conflict towards patient (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.31\u20130.71). Neither severity of psychotic symptoms, non-command auditory hallucinations nor delusions were associated with administration of ECT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While characteristics associated with the use of ECT are generally consistent with the indications for ECT (e.g., catatonia, mood disorders), ECT is rarely used amongst individuals with SSD. Severity of psychotic symptoms was not associated with the use of inpatient ECT suggesting an opportunity to increase the use of ECT in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary Title<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient characteristics associated with receiving electroconvulsive therapy in schizophrenia and other psychotic illnesses<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437241290181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:52:02Z","timestamp":1731372722000},"page":"194-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical Characteristics of Inpatients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Treated with Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Population-Level Cross-Sectional Study: Titre: Caract\u00e9ristiques cliniques des patients hospitalis\u00e9s pr\u00e9sentant un trouble du spectre de la schizophr\u00e9nie et trait\u00e9s par \u00e9lectrochocs : Une \u00e9tude de population transversale"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5299-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler S.","family":"Kaster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amreen","family":"Babujee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isobel","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taeho Greg","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1468-1965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, 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