{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:07:31Z","timestamp":1787018851309,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To qualitatively and quantitatively synthesize the literature on the efficacy and safety of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) in psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature search was conducted of the OVID Medline, OVID EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane databases from inception to 14 January 2024, using subject headings and key words for \u201cmagnetic seizure therapy.\u201d Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), post-hoc analyses of RCTs, open-label trials, or case series investigating MST in adults with a verified psychiatric diagnosis and reporting on two possible primary outcomes (1) psychiatric symptom reduction (as measured by validated rating scale) or (2) neurocognitive outcomes (as measured by standardized testing), were included. Abstracts, individual case reports, reviews and editorials were excluded. Extracted data included: (1) basic study details; (2) study design; (3) sample size; (4) baseline demographics; (5) outcome data (including secondary outcomes of suicidal ideation and adverse events); and (6) stimulation parameters. Cochrane's risk of bias tool was applied. A quantitative analysis was conducted for the depression studies, using Hedge's g effect sizes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 24 studies (n\u2009=\u2009377) were eligible for inclusion. Seventeen studies in depression (including three RCTs), four studies in schizophrenia (including one RCT), one study in bipolar disorder, one study in obsessive-compulsive disorder and one study in borderline personality disorder were summarized. We found no significant difference in depressive symptom reduction between MST and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in randomized, controlled trials (g\u2009=\u20090.207 towards ECT, 95% confidence interval (CI) \u22120.132 to 0.545,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.232). We found a significant reduction in depressive symptoms overall with MST in the pooled RCT and open-label analysis (g\u2009=\u20091.749, CI 1.219 to 2.279,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005). It is suggested that MST has modest cognitive side effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large-scale RCTs are necessary to confirm early signals of MST as an effective intervention in psychiatric disorders with a cognitive profile that is potentially more favourable than ECT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437241301005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T01:39:27Z","timestamp":1733794767000},"page":"732-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Magnetic Seizure Therapy in Refractory Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: La th\u00e9rapie par convulsions magn\u00e9tiques pour la prise en charge des troubles psychiatriques r\u00e9fractaires : revue syst\u00e9matique et m\u00e9ta-analyse"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5398-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake","family":"Prillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction &amp; Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorina","family":"Zapf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction &amp; Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline W.","family":"Espinola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction &amp; Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafiris J.","family":"Daskalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Blumberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction &amp; Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.2.217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2021.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.4.300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18091096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14r09528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.8.985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000130551.70878.56"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2302399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700364"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199303253281204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780260091010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.6.581"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.3.303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/1\/016007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743716660033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.813590"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01560-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13030449"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","article-title":"Magnetic seizure therapy for people with schizophrenia","volume":"6","author":"Wu H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu H, Jiang J, Cao X, Wang J, Li C. 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