{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:32:41Z","timestamp":1783506761032,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research\u2019s Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Addiction","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The implementation of Integrated Youth Services (IYS) can help ensure that youth are adequately supported. The objective of this analysis was to provide a model for the planning and costing of IYS throughout Canada over a 15-year period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate resource allocation for IYS, we determined the number of hubs and hub staffing requirements by service level and jurisdiction, backbone support and infrastructure requirements by jurisdiction. A needs-based analytic framework for planning was employed to estimate the number of hubs required. The optimal mix of hub staffing requirements was determined based on prior literature. The costs of running each hub were estimated using publicly available data and internal documents from existing IYS agencies. Finally, the cost of setting up IYS hubs, IYS virtual care and respective backbone support throughout Canada was estimated and projected over 15 years and the cost-savings of IYS were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At maturity, it was estimated that 399 hubs\u2014188 small, 43 medium, 168 large\u2014across Canada would be required to address youth mental health and substance use needs. The cost of implementing IYS initiatives across Canada would vary between $4,349,126 (for less populous jurisdictions) and $248,950,524 (for more populous jurisdictions), for a total annual cost of $676,633,388 (excluding costs of infrastructure). It was estimated that the implementation of IYS hubs would lead to cost-savings of $2.1 billion annually and have the potential to be cost-effective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The implementation of IYS hubs can provide good value for money, in the form of high client satisfaction, earlier supports with improved youth outcomes and decreased health care costs. Future work should address gaps in data availability on mental health and substance use-related needs of youth with neurodevelopmental disorders, youth experiencing homelessness, youth in congregate living and foster care, and Indigenous youth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437241301008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T03:03:42Z","timestamp":1733799822000},"page":"414-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Implementation of Integrated Youth Services in Canada: Planning and Costing of a Pan-Canadian Model: La mise en \u0153uvre des services int\u00e9gr\u00e9s pour les jeunes au Canada : planification et \u00e9tablissement des co\u00fbts d\u2019un mod\u00e8le pancanadien"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Jo L.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health"},{"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3961-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health"},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health"},{"name":"Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation"},{"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundry, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20938"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00455"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719830024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800210084013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"Kids Can\u2019t Wait: 2020 Report on Wait Lists and Wait Times for Child and Youth Mental Health Care in Ontario","author":"Children\u2019s Mental Health Ontario","year":"2020","unstructured":"Children\u2019s Mental Health Ontario. Kids Can\u2019t Wait: 2020 Report on Wait Lists and Wait Times for Child and Youth Mental Health Care in Ontario. Toronto: CMHO; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-019-0306-7"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","article-title":"Integrated (one-stop shop) youth health care: best available evidence and future directions","volume":"207","author":"Hetrick SE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hetrick SE, Bailey AP, Smith KE, et al. Integrated (one-stop shop) youth health care: best available evidence and future directions. Med J Aust. 2017;207(10):S5-S18. doi:10.5694\/mja17.00694","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00579-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/145507251002700607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Canadian Institutes of Health Information. IYS-Net: About. 2023. Available at: https:\/\/cihr-irsc.gc.ca\/e\/52913.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Government of Canada. Strengthening and expanding integrated youth service networks across Canada. 2024. Available at: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/institutes-health-research\/news\/2024\/06\/strengthening-and-expanding-integrated-youth-service-networks-across-canada.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2012.000617"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3181b1ec0e","article-title":"Health human resources planning and the production of health: development of an extended analytical framework for needs-based health human resources planning","volume":"15","author":"Birch S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Birch S, Kephart G, Murphy GT, O'Brien-Pallas L, Alder R, MacKenzie A. Health human resources planning and the production of health: development of an extended analytical framework for needs-based health human resources planning. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2009;15(6 Suppl):S56-S61. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3181b1ec0e","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Guide to the Census of Population 2021. 2021. Census of Population (statcan.gc.ca)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-2018. 2018. Available at https:\/\/www23.statcan.gc.ca\/imdb\/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&Id=795204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"Government of Northwest Territories. Child and Youth Mental Wellness Action Plan 2017-2022. 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","article-title":"Contextual factors associated with depression among northern and indigenous adolescents in the Northwest Territories, Canada","volume":"8","author":"Logie CH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Logie CH, Lys CL, Sokolovic N, et al. Contextual factors associated with depression among northern and indigenous adolescents in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2021;8:e22. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/gmh.2021.21","journal-title":"Glob Ment Health (Camb)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"First Nations Information Governance Centre National Report of the First Nations Regional Health Survey Phase 3: Volume One (Ottawa: 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Aboriginal Peoples Highlight Tables 2016 Census: Aboriginal identity population by both sexes total \u2013 age 2016 counts Canada provinces and territories 2016 Census \u2013 25% Sample data. 2016. https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2016\/dp-pd\/hlt-fst\/abo-aut\/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&S=99&O=A&RPP=25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-2012. 2012. Available at: https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/130918\/dq130918a-eng.htm"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Concurrent mental and substance use disorders in Canada","volume":"28","author":"Khan S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khan S. Concurrent mental and substance use disorders in Canada. Health Rep. 2017;28(8):3-8.","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","unstructured":"Diminic S Page I Gossip K et al. Technical appendices for the introduction to the National Mental Health Service Planning Framework. In: Commissioned by the Australian Government Department of Health. The University of Queensland Brisbane; 2021:1-134."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-245"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","volume-title":"Long term plan","author":"National Health Service","year":"2019","unstructured":"National Health Service. Long term plan. London: NHS; 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsads.2019.s18.51"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","volume-title":"Modelling bed numbers for NSW using the Drug and Alcohol Service Planning Model (DASPM)","author":"Mellor R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mellor R, Ritter A. Modelling bed numbers for NSW using the Drug and Alcohol Service Planning Model (DASPM). Kensington, NSW: University of New South Wales, Drug Policy Modelling Program, SPRC; 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","volume-title":"Western Australian Mental Health, Alcohol and Other Drug Services Plan 2015-2025 (Plan) Update 2018","author":"Mental Health Commission","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mental Health Commission. Western Australian Mental Health, Alcohol and Other Drug Services Plan 2015-2025 (Plan) Update 2018. Government of Western Australia; 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","unstructured":"headspace. headspace Annual report 2019-2020. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/headspace.org.au\/assets\/HSP10755_Annual-Report-2020_FA02_DIGI.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","unstructured":"Jigsaw. Jigsaw Annual Report 2020. 2021. Available from: http:\/\/annualreport2020.jigsaw.ie\/pdf\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","unstructured":"ACCESS Open Minds. Return on investment of the ACCESS Open Minds (AOM) youth mental health service in Edmonton Canada. 2021. Unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Consumer Price Index annual average not seasonally adjusted. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/tv.action?pid=1810000501."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","volume-title":"The National Centre for Youth Mental Health. Cost analysis of the Jigsaw programme","author":"Headstrong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Headstrong. The National Centre for Youth Mental Health. Cost analysis of the Jigsaw programme. Dublin, Ireland: The National Centre for Youth Mental Health; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","unstructured":"Hilferty F Cassells R Muir K et al. Is headspace making a difference to young people\u2019s lives? Final Report of the independent evaluation of the headspace program. (SPRC Report 08\/2015). 2015. Sydney: Social Policy Research Centre UNSW Australia. Available from: https:\/\/headspace.org.au\/assets\/Uploads\/Evaluation-of-headspace-program.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","unstructured":"ACCESS Open Minds. Impact of ACCESS Open Minds: Early Results. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/accessopenminds.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/AOMInterimResults-1.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","volume-title":"Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People: Progress and Possibilities.","author":"National Research Council and Institute of Medicine","year":"2009","unstructured":"National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People: Progress and Possibilities. . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/12480."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","unstructured":"Australian Government. National Mental Health Commission. Return on Investment: Prevention in mental health: e-Health workplace interventions for the prevention of depression. Canberra Australia 2019. https:\/\/www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au\/getmedia\/ef9b1484-919b-4a86-8d7f-f54e25005e63\/e-Health-workplace-intervention-for-the-prevention-of-depression.PDF."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.11.1241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800144"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","unstructured":"Foundry. Foundry Early Learnings: Proof of Concept Evaluation Report. 2018. Available from: https:\/\/foundrybc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/L.8-Foundry-Proof-of-Concept-Evaluation-Report.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","volume-title":"Changes in psychological distress and substance use concerns in young people accessing Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario sites for mental health services","author":"Chiodo D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chiodo D. Changes in psychological distress and substance use concerns in young people accessing Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario sites for mental health services. Ottawa: Presentation for the Frayme Learning Institute. Frayme; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","unstructured":"Foundry. Virtual Care in BC: Learnings from the first year of Foundry\u2019s provincial virtual service for youth and their caregivers. Evaluation Report: 2020-2021. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/foundrybc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/VIC_-Foundry-Virtual-BC_InfographicEvaluationReport_FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/fsh0000456"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07067437241301008","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/07067437241301008","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07067437241301008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:15:54Z","timestamp":1777392954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/07067437241301008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/07067437241301008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07067437241301008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]}}}