{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:07:31Z","timestamp":1787018851904,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"King's Together, King's College London","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lithium, despite its evidence base and range of indications, is often underutilized due to safety concerns associated with high-dose prescriptions and consequent necessity for regular blood monitoring. Emerging evidence suggests its potential benefits at lower doses, especially for its pro-cognitive effects and positive safety profile. While accessible as a supplement, empirical human evidence on neuropsychiatric effects is lacking. This study aimed to provide preliminary evidence regarding the utilization and perceived effects of low-dose lithium supplements (LiS) in the community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional, opportunistic survey of 211 participants aged \u226518 years who disclosed taking over-the-counter lithium supplements. The survey assessed sample demographics, supplement details, overall perspectives, and personal experiences related to the use of LiS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common form of LiS taken was aspartate at 10\u2005mg once per day, although lithium orotate and ionic lithium were also frequently used. The most common beliefs regarding the benefits of using lithium as a supplement concern efficacy for anxiety, but the most common improvements experienced was in the domain of cognition, closely followed by anxiety and mood. Mood was most commonly reported as the greatest improvement. Side effects and withdrawal phenomena were more prevalent than anticipated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed a diverse range of lithium supplements taken, in terms of dosage, formulation, frequency, and duration of intake. Anecdotal evidence highlighted prevalent perceived benefits and adverse effects. The study is, however, limited notably by its cross-sectional opportunistic design; more robust evidence, especially from controlled trials, is needed to fully establish the specific benefits and drawbacks associated with different forms and doses of accessible lithium supplements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain Language Summary Title<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A survey exploring people's experiences with lithium bought as a supplement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437251328282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T23:30:12Z","timestamp":1743204612000},"page":"782-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Survey Exploring People's Experiences With Lithium Bought as a Supplement: Une enqu\u00eate sur l\u2019exp\u00e9rience des personnes avec le lithium en suppl\u00e9ment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2984-1124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Strawbridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Myrtle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Carmellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot","family":"Hampsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Cousins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan H.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221104058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"The Selection of Essential Drugs (1977)\u2014TRS 615. [accessed 2024 Jan 16]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9241206152."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-015-0032-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2102068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-020-00191-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150437"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0683-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2022.101014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01492-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-023-00301-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221089042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101005349.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-024-00325-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X20666220302151224"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867418810185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Strawbridge B. A survey exploring people\u2019s experiences with lithium bought as a supplement. 2023 [accessed 2023 Dec 19]. https:\/\/osf.io\/rabpk\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(86)90018-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2004.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patients\u2019 preferences within randomised trials: systematic review and patient level meta-analysis. Br Med J. 2008;337(1):a1864-a1864. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.a1864.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1864"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(88)90056-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506868"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"783","article-title":"Adverse reactions to drugs in a health center","volume":"14","author":"de Frutos Hernansanz MJ","year":"1994","unstructured":"de Frutos Hernansanz MJ, L\u00e1zaro Damas A, Llinares G\u00f3mez V, Azpiazu Garrido M, Serrano V\u00e1zquez A, L\u00f3pez de Castro F. Adverse reactions to drugs in a health center. Aten Primaria. 1994;14(5):783-786.","journal-title":"Aten Primaria"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000416"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03160910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ISRCTN registry. A proof-of-concept study of an accessible lithium supplement. ISRCTN12858621. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ISRCTN12858621.","DOI":"10.1186\/ISRCTN12858621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1978.tb13258.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13461.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1976.tb07449.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-7-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_68_22"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07067437251328282","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/07067437251328282","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07067437251328282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:15:45Z","timestamp":1777392945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/07067437251328282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/07067437251328282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07067437251328282","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]}}}