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The primary outcome of interest was incarceration trajectories, analyzed using group-based trajectory modelling. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between Housing First intervention, baseline socio-demographic and health characteristics, and trajectories of incarceration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three group-based incarceration trajectories were identified: Low (66.3%), decreasing (23.1%), and high (10.6%). Younger age, early onset of homelessness, longer duration of homelessness, male gender, drug and alcohol dependence or abuse disorders, and history of traumatic brain injury were significant predictors of high and decreasing incarceration trajectories compared to low trajectory. Receiving Housing First was not significantly associated with incarceration trajectory group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A small subgroup of individuals with mental illness and experiences of homelessness demonstrated a persistently high and long-term incarceration trajectory. Multi-disciplinary collaborations with mental health, housing and the criminal justice systems are needed, especially for individuals at increased risk of future incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The trial is registered in the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN42520374).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437251372188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T13:46:32Z","timestamp":1756907192000},"page":"118-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trajectories of Incarceration Over Six Years Among People with Mental Illness and Experiences of Homelessness: Predictive Factors Among Participants in a Randomized Trial of Housing First: Trajectoires d\u2019incarc\u00e9ration sur six ans chez les personnes atteintes de maladie mentale et ayant connu l\u2019itin\u00e9rance\u2013Facteurs pr\u00e9dictifs chez les participants \u00e0 un essai \u00e0 r\u00e9partition al\u00e9atoire en marge du programme \u00abLogement d\u2019abord\u00bb"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7511-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linh D.","family":"Luong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Michael's Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cilia","family":"Mejia-Lancheros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Michael's Hospital"},{"name":"Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6869-7516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Kouyoumdjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Lachaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Michael's Hospital"},{"name":"Ohio State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen W.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Michael's Hospital"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"The State of Homelessness in Canada 2016","author":"Gaetz ZS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gaetz ZS, Dej E, Richter T, et al. 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