{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T08:00:17Z","timestamp":1789286417981,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical students are known to face significant psychological distress, making them vulnerable to substance use. There are few data on alcohol and drug consumption among medical students. The aim was to assess the prevalence of substance use, especially alcohol, in French medical students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional nationwide study was conducted online from 10 June to 28 July 2024. A survey link was sent to French medical students and residents via official administrative emails. We assessed substance use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, LSD, psilocybin, heroine, poppers, nitrous oxide and other). For alcohol consumption, we used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Data analysis was performed, including recoding missing responses as zeros. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were performed with AUDIT as the dependent variable, categorized as binary (cutoff \u22658).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 8,312 students: 11% met criteria for hazardous drinking, and 5.5% for probable dependence according to the AUDIT; 23.3% respondents reported tobacco use, while cannabis use was reported by 13.4% with 1% using it more than 2 or 3 times a week. Among other substances, poppers (23.5%) and nitrous oxide (11.2%) were the most commonly reported. Multivariate analysis identified several factors associated with problematic alcohol use, such as male sex, younger age, financial difficulties, exposure to humiliation, harassment or sexual assault.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol and psychoactive substance use remain prevalent among French medical students, at levels broadly comparable to those reported internationally. These findings underscore the need for targeted preventive and supportive actions within medical schools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437261457220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:17:43Z","timestamp":1781011063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Alcohol consumption and substance use among French medical students: A nationwide cross-sectional study: Consommation d\u2019alcool et de substances chez les \u00e9tudiants en m\u00e9decine de France : une \u00e9tude transversale nationale"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Gillet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Picardie Jules Verne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Doudeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Vilain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Nantes"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kahina","family":"Sadat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint-Quentin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Morvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", Universit\u00e9 Paris Nanterre"},{"name":"\u00c9quipe Psychiatrie du D\u00e9veloppement et Trajectoires, Inserm U1018, CESP, Nanterre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4441-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Frajerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9"},{"name":"GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13757"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04137-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.112495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-026-03503-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370505001013"},{"issue":"25","key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"01496","article-title":"Alcohol use disorders","volume":"0140","author":"Rehm J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rehm J, Assanangkornchai S, Hendershot CS, et al. Alcohol use disorders. Lancet. 2025;S0140-6736(25):01496\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.64.05.462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000604"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2017.1392824"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"727550834221147","article-title":"Mental health treatment-seeking behaviors in medical students: a mixed-methods approach","author":"Wang J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Fitzke RE, Tran DD, et al. Mental health treatment-seeking behaviors in medical students: a mixed-methods approach. J Med Access. 2023;(7):727550834221147787.","journal-title":"J Med Access"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.33994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_672_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2017-2223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539518800339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261785"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"121178221818805","article-title":"Prevalence of Cannabis use among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Papazisis G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papazisis G, Siafis S, Tsakiridis I, et al. Prevalence of Cannabis use among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Subst Abuse. 2018;(12):121178221818805977.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"Observatoire Fran\u00e7ais des Drogues et des Tendances Addictives. OFDT. Enqu\u00eate ESCAPAD 2022\u202f: R\u00e9sultats nationaux sur la consommation de substances psychoactives \u00e0 17 ans."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2165079915570917"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2024.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","article-title":"Measuring loneliness: a head-to-head psychometric comparison of the 3- and 20-item UCLA loneliness scales","author":"Gosling CJ","unstructured":"Gosling CJ, Colle R, Cartigny A, et al. Measuring loneliness: a head-to-head psychometric comparison of the 3- and 20-item UCLA loneliness scales. Psychol Med. 2024;(14):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022102033005003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2010.483251"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","first-page":"14354","article-title":"A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a large sample of French employees","author":"Boc\u00e9r\u00e9an C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boc\u00e9r\u00e9an C, Dupret E A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a large sample of French employees. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;(14):14354.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","first-page":"210","article-title":"Validation de la traduction de l\u2019Inventaire d\u2019\u00e9puisement professionnel de maslach et Jackson","volume":"26","author":"Dion G","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dion G, Tessier R. Validation de la traduction de l\u2019Inventaire d\u2019\u00e9puisement professionnel de maslach et Jackson. Canadian J Behav Sci\/Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement. 1994;26(2):210.","journal-title":"Canadian J Behav Sci\/Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0158-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000187034.58955.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.115975"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","unstructured":"Fuhrman J. Enqu\u00eate sant\u00e9 mentale des jeunes m\u00e9decins. ANEMF.org le site officiel des \u00e9tudiants en m\u00e9decinehttps:\/\/www.anemf.org\/blog\/2017\/06\/13\/enquete-sante-mentale-des-jeunes-medecins-2\/ (2017 accessed February 3 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12777"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","first-page":"1263","article-title":"Burnout and associated factors among medical students in a public university in Uganda: a cross-sectional study","author":"Kajjimu J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kajjimu J, Kaggwa MM, Bongomin F Burnout and associated factors among medical students in a public university in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2021;(12):1263\u20131275.","journal-title":"Adv Med Educ Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-025-00865-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640241232321"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115872"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.15.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jphia.v16i1.1389"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","first-page":"183225","article-title":"Prevalence, age-of-onset, and course of mental disorders among 72,288 first-year university students from 18 countries in the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative","author":"Mason A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mason A, Rapsey C, Sampson N, et al. Prevalence, age-of-onset, and course of mental disorders among 72,288 first-year university students from 18 countries in the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative. J Psychiatr Res. 2025:183225\u2013183236.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01122-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01131-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","unstructured":"Pasquereau A Andler R Guignard R et al. Pr\u00e9valence du tabagisme et du vapotage en France m\u00e9tropolitaine en 2022 parmi les 18-75\u202fans.https:\/\/beh.santepubliquefrance.fr\/beh\/2023\/9-10\/2023_9-10_1.html (2023 accessed September 22 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2020.1837167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.13363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","unstructured":"Andler R Quatremer G Nguyen-Thanh V. Consommation d\u2019alcool en France\u202f: part des adultes d\u00e9passant les rep\u00e8res \u00e0 moindre risque. In Barom\u00e8tre de Sant\u00e9 publique France\u202f: r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9dition 2024. SPF. https:\/\/www.santepubliquefrance.fr\/import\/consommation-d-alcool-en-france-part-des-adultes-depassant-les-reperes-a-moindre-risque.-in-barometre-de-sante-publique-france-resultats-de-l-e (2025 accessed January 21 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-07530-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","first-page":"337a2155","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and alcohol counselling behaviour among US medical students: cohort study","author":"Frank E","year":"2008","unstructured":"Frank E, Elon L, Naimi T, et al. Alcohol consumption and alcohol counselling behaviour among US medical students: cohort study. Br Med J. 2008:337a2155.","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2022.1163"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Say something: addressing physician alcohol use disorder, depression, and suicide","volume":"31","author":"Riley TD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Riley TD, Radico JA, R\u00e1bago DP. Say something: addressing physician alcohol use disorder, depression, and suicide. Fam Pract Manag. 2024;31(4):22\u201326.","journal-title":"Fam Pract Manag"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","first-page":"251106089","article-title":"Humiliation and sexual violence in medical students: results from two nationwide studies","author":"Trouche A","year":"2026","unstructured":"Trouche A, Doudeau N, Vilain F, et al. Humiliation and sexual violence in medical students: results from two nationwide studies. Public Health. 2026:251106089.","journal-title":"Public Health"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07067437261457220","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/07067437261457220","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/07067437261457220","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T13:17:20Z","timestamp":1781270240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/07067437261457220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/07067437261457220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07067437261457220","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"article-number":"07067437261457220"}}