{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:14:46Z","timestamp":1790777686719,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1971,12,1]],"date-time":"1971-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":60393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This is a report of a phenomenological and descriptive study of forty-four patients seen early in their first hospitalization for schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Most patients had a prodromal phase (median duration 30 months) during which the commonest symptoms were decreased drive and dysphoria. Symptomatology was often similar to that of a reactive depression; there was no instance resembling endogenous depression. A prodromal triad of deterioration in school or work performance, schizoid withdrawal and anergia was identified and this may have some diagnostic use. Twelve of the fifteen patients who exhibited this triad had also experienced disturbed flow of thought.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Some patients experienced increased sexual drive, usually towards the end of the prodromal phase or in early overt psychosis. Some also reported regular fluctuations in symptomatology; these cycles, usually of a few good days and a few bad days, occurred in the prodromal phase and\/or early overt psychosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The transition to manifest psychosis was usually quite abrupt. An oneirophrenic experience, termed a \u2018complex state\u201d, was common either at the beginning of psychosis or soon thereafter. In the \u2018complex state\u201d a number of symptoms are experienced together or in such rapid succession that separating them is artificial. Perplexity and emotional arousal, usually dysphoric, are always present, and there is invariably at least one symptom of disturbed perception or delusion. Perceptual disturbances may affect any modality and often more than one; the perceptual alterations may be simple or complex. Disturbances of visual perception were reported more frequently than might have been expected, tending to be associated with good prognosis. Motor blocking, slowing or inco-ordination may occur, and although clouding of consciousness was experienced as part of the complex state, it was not possible to document this satisfactorily.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Delusions usually developed within complex states or more commonly as explanations of them, so that the concept of primary delusion may be invalid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>These findings were further discussed with particular reference to the work of Conrad and Chapman.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674377101600604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T13:12:37Z","timestamp":1493212357000},"page":"487-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Early Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Varsamis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Winnipeg Psychiatric Institute, 75 Emily Street, Winnipeg 3, Manitoba, Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Adamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Department of Health and Social Development, Province of Manitoba."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674377101600604","unstructured":"BleulerE.: Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. Transl. Zinkin, J. (1911). New York: International Universities Press, p. 9, 1950."},{"key":"bibr2-070674377101600604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1968.01740090092009"},{"key":"bibr3-070674377101600604","volume":"29","author":"Brooks G. W.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Dis. Nerv. Syst.,"},{"key":"bibr4-070674377101600604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.95.3.567"},{"key":"bibr5-070674377101600604","volume-title":"The Schizophrenic Reactions.","author":"Cancro R.","year":"1970"},{"key":"bibr6-070674377101600604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.112.484.225"},{"key":"bibr7-070674377101600604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.113.500.771"},{"key":"bibr8-070674377101600604","volume-title":"Die Beginnende Schizophrenic","author":"Conrad K.","year":"1958"},{"key":"bibr9-070674377101600604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.107.450.828"},{"key":"bibr10-070674377101600604","unstructured":"FishF. J.: Schizophrenia, Second Edition. Bristol: John Wright & Sons, p. 81, 1962."},{"key":"bibr11-070674377101600604","volume-title":"Clinical Psychopathology.","author":"Fish F. J.","year":"1967"},{"key":"bibr12-070674377101600604","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Psychopathology of Schizophrenia","author":"Frieske D. A.","year":"1966"},{"key":"bibr13-070674377101600604","volume-title":"The Schizophrenic Reactions.","author":"Holzman P. S.","year":"1970"},{"key":"bibr14-070674377101600604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.516.1313"},{"key":"bibr15-070674377101600604","unstructured":"KolbL. C.: Noyes' Modern Clinical Psychiatry, Seventh Edition. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, p. 368, 1968."},{"key":"bibr16-070674377101600604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576005300101","volume":"53","author":"Langfeldt G.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. Med.,"},{"key":"bibr17-070674377101600604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(59)91134-1"},{"key":"bibr18-070674377101600604","volume-title":"Oneirophrenia. The Confusional State.","author":"Meduna L. J.","year":"1950"},{"key":"bibr19-070674377101600604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)36132-6"},{"key":"bibr20-070674377101600604","first-page":"205","volume-title":"The Schizophrenic Syndrome","author":"Rabin A. I.","year":"1969"},{"key":"bibr21-070674377101600604","volume-title":"Clinical Psychopathology.","author":"Schneider K.","year":"1959"},{"key":"bibr22-070674377101600604","unstructured":"SlaterE., and RothM.: Mayer-Gross, Slater and Roth Clinical Psychiatry, Third Edition. London: Balliere, Tindall and Cassell, p. 251, 1969."},{"key":"bibr23-070674377101600604","unstructured":"SlaterE., and RothM.: Mayer-Gross, Slater and Roth Clinical Psychiatry, Third Edition. London: Balliere, Tindall and Cassell, p. 275."}],"container-title":["Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674377101600604","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674377101600604","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:05:51Z","timestamp":1777392351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674377101600604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1971,12]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674377101600604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674377101600604","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4824"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4824","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1971,12]]}}}