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Data were gathered on neuroleptic choice and dose, the use of adjunctive treatments and serum neuroleptic levels. The daily neuroleptic dose was compared with that of random samples of patients receiving outpatient maintenance treatment, and short-stay patients receiving acute treatment. The patients in our sample received high doses of neuroleptics despite a persistent lack of response to treatment, and despite the fact that these were in excess of the recommended maximum beneficial dose. The appropriateness of this therapy is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379203700309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T04:06:56Z","timestamp":1493179616000},"page":"192-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Pharmacoepidemiology of Treatment-Refractory Schizophrenia\n                    <sup>*<\/sup>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Evan J.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Street Mental Health Centre; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Street Mental Health Centre; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.G.","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellesley Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/16.4.551"},{"key":"bibr2-070674379203700309","volume-title":"Treatment resistance in schizophrenia.","author":"May PR","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr3-070674379203700309","volume-title":"Treatment resistance in schizophrenia.","author":"Simpson GM","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr4-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800330013001"},{"key":"bibr5-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770070088010"},{"key":"bibr6-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800250095013"},{"key":"bibr7-070674379203700309","first-page":"53","volume":"35","author":"Gardos G.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Dis Nerv Syst"},{"key":"bibr8-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770120039003"},{"key":"bibr9-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.131.3.310"},{"key":"bibr10-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00427590"},{"key":"bibr11-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1975.01760280074007"},{"key":"bibr12-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.135.2.175"},{"key":"bibr13-070674379203700309","first-page":"13","volume":"48","author":"van Putten T","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr14-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(89)90065-5"},{"key":"bibr15-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.135.11.1321"},{"key":"bibr16-070674379203700309","first-page":"435","volume":"49","author":"Dufresne RL","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr17-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.137.1.16"},{"key":"bibr18-070674379203700309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810040087016"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379203700309","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379203700309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:09:58Z","timestamp":1777392598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674379203700309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674379203700309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674379203700309","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]}}}