{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:33:01Z","timestamp":1777519981955,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,6,1]],"date-time":"1992-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":707356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper reviews four areas of research into anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). First, in terms of diagnosis, the psychological concerns about weight and shape are now addressed in BN, bringing it more in line with the related disorder, anorexia nervosa. Second, studies of psychiatric comorbidity confirm the overlap between eating disorders and depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, substance abuse, and personality disorder. Nevertheless, there are reasons to accept the distinct qualities of each syndrome, and eating disorders are not merely a variant of these other conditions. Third, treatment advances in BN involve mainly cognitive-behavioural or interpersonal psycho-therapies and pharmacotherapies primarily with antidepressants. The effect of combining more than one approach is beginning to be addressed. Finally, outcome studies involving people with both AN and BN have shown that the disorders \u201ccross over\u201d and that both conditions have a high rate of relapse. A renewed interest in the treatment of AN is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379203700504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T04:05:07Z","timestamp":1493179507000},"page":"309-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa\n                    <sup>*<\/sup>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Sidney H.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, and Head, Eating Disorders Programme, The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Garfinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378703200722"},{"key":"bibr2-070674379203700504","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Handbook of psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa and bulimia.","author":"Bruch H.","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr3-070674379203700504","unstructured":"DSM-IV options book: work in progress. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, Inc., 1991."},{"key":"bibr4-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780220074008"},{"key":"bibr5-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.5.581"},{"key":"bibr6-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198609000-00007"},{"key":"bibr7-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700031974"},{"key":"bibr8-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.8.1000"},{"key":"bibr9-070674379203700504","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Diagnostic issues in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.","author":"Fairburn CG","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr10-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.154.6.807"},{"key":"bibr11-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198903)8:2<173::AID-EAT2260080206>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"bibr12-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199111)10:6<627::AID-EAT2260100602>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"bibr13-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1977.01770210101009"},{"key":"bibr14-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(90)90034-P"},{"key":"bibr15-070674379203700504","first-page":"80","volume-title":"Diagnostic issues in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.","author":"Strober M","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr16-070674379203700504","first-page":"60","volume":"50","author":"Kennedy SH","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr17-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.11.1468"},{"key":"bibr18-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.157.1.1"},{"key":"bibr19-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378202700404"},{"key":"bibr20-070674379203700504","first-page":"162","volume":"47","author":"Dilsaver SC","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr21-070674379203700504","volume-title":"Presented at the 143rd annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association","author":"Hollander E","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr22-070674379203700504","first-page":"464","volume":"52","author":"Kaye WH","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr23-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198609)5:6<1069::AID-EAT2260050610>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"bibr24-070674379203700504","first-page":"465","volume":"24","author":"Rasmussen S","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"bibr25-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.11.1510b"},{"key":"bibr26-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(91)90109-2"},{"key":"bibr27-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800230032007"},{"key":"bibr28-070674379203700504","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Serotonin in major psychiatric disorders","author":"Brewerton TD","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr29-070674379203700504","first-page":"225","volume":"52","author":"Goldbloom DS","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"bibr30-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198912000-00007","volume":"9","author":"Liebowitz MR","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"bibr31-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199004000-00008"},{"key":"bibr32-070674379203700504","first-page":"79","volume":"56","author":"Lacey JH","year":"1980","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"bibr33-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820020059008"},{"key":"bibr34-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198809)7:5<589::AID-EAT2260070502>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"bibr35-070674379203700504","first-page":"181","volume":"48","author":"Pope HG","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr36-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4904_5"},{"key":"bibr37-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(90)90015-I"},{"key":"bibr38-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199204)11:3<205::AID-EAT2260110303>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"bibr39-070674379203700504","volume-title":"Presented at the 4th International Conference on Eating Disorders","author":"Kennedy SH","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr40-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1989.tb02503.x"},{"key":"bibr41-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.4.482"},{"key":"bibr42-070674379203700504","first-page":"47","volume":"48","author":"Jonas JM","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr43-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01986.x"},{"key":"bibr44-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700030762"},{"key":"bibr45-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810140049008"},{"key":"bibr46-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.1.82"},{"key":"bibr47-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(88)90012-8"},{"key":"bibr48-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01454455870114002"},{"key":"bibr49-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198905000-00002"},{"key":"bibr50-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.57.2.215"},{"key":"bibr51-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.4.535"},{"key":"bibr52-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90013-0"},{"key":"bibr53-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.12.1512"},{"key":"bibr54-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198707)6:4<469::AID-EAT2260060403>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"bibr55-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810290075014"},{"key":"bibr56-070674379203700504","author":"Fairburn CG","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr57-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.151.2.185","volume":"151","author":"Hall A","year":"1987","journal-title":"Outcome at one year. Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr58-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(89)90087-9"},{"key":"bibr59-070674379203700504","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Anorexia nervosa: recent developments.","author":"Garner DM","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr60-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800240021004"},{"key":"bibr61-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.5.554"},{"key":"bibr62-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800020092012"},{"key":"bibr63-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198408000-00003"},{"key":"bibr64-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800290091011"},{"key":"bibr65-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198812000-00002"},{"key":"bibr66-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198908000-00004"},{"key":"bibr67-070674379203700504","first-page":"262","volume":"49","author":"Horne RL","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr68-070674379203700504","first-page":"1149","volume":"140","author":"Goldbloom DS","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"bibr69-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199141030-00005"},{"key":"bibr70-070674379203700504","first-page":"378","volume":"51","author":"Gwirtsman HE","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr71-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6378.1609"},{"key":"bibr72-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198701000-00004"},{"key":"bibr73-070674379203700504","volume-title":"Presented at the 4th International Conference on Eating Disorders","author":"Herzog DB","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr74-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.156.1.92"},{"key":"bibr75-070674379203700504","volume-title":"Presented at the 4th International Conference on Eating Disorders","author":"Schork EJ","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr76-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198905000-00001"},{"key":"bibr77-070674379203700504","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198803000-00001"},{"key":"bibr78-070674379203700504","volume-title":"Anorexia nervosa \u2014 let me be.","author":"Crisp AH","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr79-070674379203700504","volume-title":"Group psychotherapy of the eating disorders.","author":"Kerr A"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379203700504","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379203700504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:10:04Z","timestamp":1777392604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674379203700504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674379203700504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674379203700504","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]}}}