{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:39:09Z","timestamp":1777520349676,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,1]],"date-time":"1994-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":762480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A case is presented of an individual with Down's syndrome and multiple personality disorder. No such cases were found in a review of the literature. Three other individuals with Down's syndrome are also discussed whose symptoms range from experiencing imaginary friends to experiencing borderline multiple personality disorder. In all these cases the imaginary friends became more evident and resistive of diversion as the levels of stress increased. We speculate that experiencing imaginary friends progresses to experiencing multiple personality disorder in some individuals as personal stress increases. These cases also indicate that limited cognitive development does not preclude individuals from presenting with imaginary friends or multiple personality disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379403900210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T03:59:21Z","timestamp":1493179161000},"page":"116-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case Report of a Person with Down's Syndrome and Multiple Personality Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"John B.","family":"Fotheringham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Disabilities Division, Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Freda","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Services, Leeds-Grenville, Brockville, Ontario."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674379403900210","first-page":"259","volume":"3","author":"Down J.L.N.","year":"1866","journal-title":"London Hospital,"},{"key":"bibr2-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.13.61.121"},{"key":"bibr3-070674379403900210","volume-title":"Down's syndrome; the psychology of mongolism.","author":"Gibson D.","year":"1978"},{"key":"bibr4-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511581786.012"},{"key":"bibr5-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.44.11.971"},{"key":"bibr6-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199007000-00006"},{"key":"bibr7-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199110000-00004"},{"key":"bibr8-070674379403900210","first-page":"653","volume":"69","author":"Menolascino F.J.","year":"1965","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Deficiency"},{"key":"bibr9-070674379403900210","volume-title":"Psychiatric approaches to mental retardation.","author":"Menolascino F.J.","year":"1970"},{"key":"bibr10-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.149.2.156"},{"key":"bibr11-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06350.x"},{"key":"bibr12-070674379403900210","first-page":"502","volume":"96","author":"Burt D.B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"key":"bibr13-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.157.1.153a"},{"key":"bibr14-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.2.202"},{"key":"bibr15-070674379403900210","first-page":"246","volume":"89","author":"Szymanski L.S.","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Deficiency"},{"key":"bibr16-070674379403900210","first-page":"578","volume":"94","author":"Reiss A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"key":"bibr17-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379303801004"},{"key":"bibr18-070674379403900210","volume-title":"Training developmentally handicapped persons basic life skills: a task analysis approach.","author":"Cibri S.M.","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr19-070674379403900210","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr20-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378903400509"},{"key":"bibr21-070674379403900210","volume-title":"Multiple personality disorder. Diagnosis, clinical features and treatment.","author":"Ross C.A.","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr22-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30590-2"},{"key":"bibr23-070674379403900210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0033834"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379403900210","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379403900210","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:11:19Z","timestamp":1777392679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674379403900210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674379403900210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674379403900210","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]}}}