{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:49:55Z","timestamp":1789951795669,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]],"date-time":"1998-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":896659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine was introduced to clinical practice in 1972. It is a dibenzodiazepine derivative with, among other known receptor site activities, a relatively high D\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor affinity ratio. The serious side effects of bone marrow suppression and agranulocytosis delayed the acceptance of clozapine into common clinical practice but scrupulous application of a monitoring protocol led to adequate protection from these side effects. There is now a broad consensus about the benefits of clozapine which supports the use of clozapine as a first-line treatment of schizophrenia. There is good evidence that relapse and rehospitalization drop to 22% of the incidence in preclozapine treatment patients. The majority of responders are identified within 4 months of treatment. Clozapine has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for neuroleptic refractory patients. Forty percent of clozapine-treated patients show significant improvement, with 11% of treated patients showing no residual psychosis. This review also describes the results of clozapine on aggressive and violent assault in a patient population characterized by severe functional deficits, typically chronic schizophrenia with severe impairment, chronic brain syndromes, and developmental handicap. Prior to the introduction of clozapine therapy, in a chronically disrupted milieu that precluded adequate psychosocial programming, seriously assaultive behaviour resulting in peer and staff injury was a common occurrence. Evidence suggests that clozapine is an effective medical treatment for the target symptoms of hostile agitation, threatening, and assaultive violence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379804300503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T04:52:29Z","timestamp":1484110349000},"page":"466-472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Use of Clozapine in the Treatment of Aggressive Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"R Ian","family":"Hector","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Director, Oak Ridge Division, Mental Health Centre Penetanguishene, Penetanguishene, Ontario; Lecturer, Forensic, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674379804300503","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Kapur S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatry Rounds"},{"key":"bibr2-070674379804300503","volume-title":"Database","author":"Clozaril Support and Assistance Network (CSAN)","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr3-070674379804300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.158.4.503"},{"key":"bibr4-070674379804300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000296906"},{"key":"bibr5-070674379804300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v58n0304"},{"key":"bibr6-070674379804300503","first-page":"149","volume":"31","author":"Drew L","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr7-070674379804300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442563"},{"key":"bibr8-070674379804300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800330013001"},{"key":"bibr9-070674379804300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05164.x"},{"key":"bibr10-070674379804300503","first-page":"219","volume":"54","author":"Ratey JN","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr11-070674379804300503","first-page":"700","volume":"43","author":"Wilson WH","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hospital and Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr12-070674379804300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(96)00051-5"},{"key":"bibr13-070674379804300503","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199308000-00012"},{"key":"bibr14-070674379804300503","first-page":"607","volume":"23","author":"Buckley P","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"bibr15-070674379804300503","first-page":"607","volume":"23","author":"Buckley PF","year":"1995","journal-title":"Violence and schizophrenia: Clozapine as a specific antiaggressive agent. 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