{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:50:28Z","timestamp":1777521028067,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]],"date-time":"1998-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":896659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the diagnostic subtypes of eating disorders (EDs), the psychiatric comorbid diagnoses, and associated specific and nonspecific psychopathology in a series of 120 adolescents undergoing standardized assessment for an ED.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive patients referred to our large pediatric hospital for ED assessment completed a semistructured diagnostic interview for children and adolescents. The following self-report scales were administered to assess specific and nonspecific psychopathology: the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2), and the Family Assessment Measure (FAM-III) of family functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female subjects with a mean age of 14.5 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 18.1 comprised 93% of the sample. The restrictive subtypes of anorexia nervosa (AN) (43%) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) (16%) were the most common diagnoses. Patients with restricting symptoms (R) could be grouped together because they were more similar to each other with respect to self-report symptoms of psychopathology than they were to patients with binge\/purge (B\/P) symptoms and vice versa. Patients with R endorsed significantly fewer subjective symptoms, both ED-specific and nonspecific, and rated their families' functioning better than did B\/P patients. Comorbid, current major depressive disorders and dysthymic disorders occurred in 66% of subjects, but depressive, dysthymic, and oppositional disorders occurred in 96% of those with B\/P symptoms. Severity of the CDI was the best single discriminator between R and B\/P subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescents with EDs in the early stage of their illness are similar to adults with EDs in the following ways: they meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria for subtypes of EDs (excluding amenorrhea) and commonly have comorbid psychiatric disorders, especially depressive disorders. Patients with B\/P symptoms can be distinguished from restricting subjects because they endorse significantly more ED-specific and nonspecific psychopathology and have a higher frequency of comorbid Axis I diagnoses (especially depressive disorders) than restricting patients. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) occurs more commonly in adolescents with EDs associated with B\/P symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379804300510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T04:52:29Z","timestamp":1484110349000},"page":"507-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Binge\/Purge Symptoms and Comorbidity in Adolescents with Eating Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Rose","family":"Geist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, Psychosomatic Program, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Research Coordinator, Eating Disorder Service, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margus","family":"Heinmaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Research Assistant, Eating Disorder Service, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198609)5:6<969::AID-EAT2260050602>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"bibr2-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199005)9:3<357::AID-EAT2260090313>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"bibr3-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003751X"},{"key":"bibr4-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.151.4.447"},{"key":"bibr5-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378803300910"},{"key":"bibr6-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199311)14:3<375::AID-EAT2260140316>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"bibr7-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(79)90063-5"},{"key":"bibr8-070674379804300510","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1995","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr9-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30688-5"},{"key":"bibr10-070674379804300510","first-page":"1122","volume":"74","author":"Schweiger U","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"bibr11-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199605)19:4<359::AID-EAT4>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"bibr12-070674379804300510","volume-title":"The children's depression inventory","author":"Kovacs M.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr13-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.53.4.491"},{"key":"bibr14-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.55.5.755"},{"key":"bibr15-070674379804300510","volume-title":"Manual II","author":"Derogatis LR","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr16-070674379804300510","volume-title":"Handbook of stress","author":"Derogatis LR","year":"1992","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr17-070674379804300510","volume-title":"Eating disorder inventory: Professional manual","author":"Garner DM","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr18-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199003)9:2<201::AID-EAT2260090209>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"bibr19-070674379804300510","volume-title":"The family assessment measure","author":"Skinner HA","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr20-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378402900204"},{"key":"bibr21-070674379804300510","volume-title":"Diagnostic interview for children and adolescents. Revised","author":"Reich W","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr22-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(95)90097-F"},{"key":"bibr23-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198709000-00007"},{"key":"bibr24-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(91)90023-B"},{"key":"bibr25-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.5.581"},{"key":"bibr26-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810320036006"},{"key":"bibr27-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379504000805"},{"key":"bibr28-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199605)19:4<335::AID-EAT2>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"bibr29-070674379804300510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199103000-00018","volume":"30","author":"Rastam M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379804300510","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379804300510","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:13:14Z","timestamp":1777392794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674379804300510"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674379804300510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674379804300510","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]}}}