{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T12:40:56Z","timestamp":1791031256647,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]],"date-time":"1998-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":901929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess demographic characteristics and patterns of comorbid disruptive behaviour disorders (oppositional defiant disorder [ODD] or conduct disorder [CD]) in subtypes of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred youths consecutively referred to a community child and adolescent mental health clinic and subsequently diagnosed with ADHD by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria were evaluated. The diagnosis was made by a child psychiatrist and was based on information from physicians, parents, teachers, and diagnostic interviews with the youths and their parents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The major findings were: 1) ADHD combined (C) type was diagnosed in 78% of the subjects, while 15% had inattentive (I) type and 7% had hyperactive\u2014impulsive (HI) type; and 2) patterns of comorbid disruptive behavioural disorders significantly differed among subtypes. Specifically, subjects with the I type showed lower rates of comorbid ODD than those with the C type (33% and 85%; P &lt; 0.001) and HI type (33% and 100%; P = 0.005); subjects with the HI type displayed a higher prevalence of CD than those with the I type (57% and 0%; P = 0.005) and C type (57% and 8%; P = 0.003). These results should be considered tentative because the reliability of the diagnostic procedures was not formally assessed and the number of subjects in the I and HI groups was small.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADHD subtypes showed significant differences in the distribution of comorbid disruptive behaviour disorders. These results support the utility of ADHD subtypes but should be replicated with a larger sample of I and HI type subjects using more rigorous diagnostic methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379804300612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T20:36:50Z","timestamp":1483648610000},"page":"623-628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Subtypes and Comorbid Disruptive Behaviour Disorders in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Clinic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Justine","family":"Lalonde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident in Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, McLean Hospital Program, Belmont, Massachusetts; Clinical Fellow, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atilla","family":"Turgay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James I","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"associate Chief, Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674379804300612","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr2-070674379804300612","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1968","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr3-070674379804300612","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1980","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr4-070674379804300612","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1987","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr5-070674379804300612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199301000-00023"},{"key":"bibr6-070674379804300612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.11.1673"},{"key":"bibr7-070674379804300612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199704000-00013"},{"key":"bibr8-070674379804300612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199603000-00014"},{"key":"bibr9-070674379804300612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199505000-00015"},{"key":"bibr10-070674379804300612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199603000-00013"},{"key":"bibr11-070674379804300612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00979.x"},{"key":"bibr12-070674379804300612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2003_3"},{"key":"bibr13-070674379804300612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378903400602"},{"key":"bibr14-070674379804300612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700014707"},{"key":"bibr15-070674379804300612","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004515"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379804300612","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379804300612","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:13:18Z","timestamp":1777392798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674379804300612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674379804300612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674379804300612","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}}}